Impairment of Embryonic Cell Division and Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis in Glucuronyltransferase-I-deficient Mice

Izumikawa, Tomomi; Kanagawa, N.; Watamoto, Yukiko; Okada, Megumi; Saeki, Mika; Sakano, Masahiro; Sugahara, Kazuyuki; Sugihara, Kazushi; Asano, Masahide; Kitagawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.100941

Cited by 67 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[21][22][23]30) This finding suggests the paradoxical notion that a temporal decline in CS levels may be required for normal cell fusion processes that occur during the formation of multinucleated syncytia in somatic cells, including the formation of skeletal myogenesis. 32,33) The levels of extracellular and/or pericellular CS chains in differentiating C2C12 myoblast culture are dramatically reduced at the stage when multinucleated myotube formation begins in earnest, and this temporal reduction in CS chain abundance seems to be cell autonomously regulated by hyaluronidase-1, one of the CS catabolic enzymes.…”

Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…A complementary analysis in which the bacterial CS-degrading enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) was used to remove CS selectively from wild-type, 2-cell embryos indicated that the failure of cytokinesis is causally linked to the loss of CS. 30) Taken together, these findings show that Chn/CS chains are indispensable for embryonic cell division in a manner that is conserved from worms to mammals.…”

Section: Chn/cs Has An Essential Role In Embryonic Cellmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…30) Thus, we reasoned that these implantation-stage, GlcAT-I-deficient embryos could be used to produce embryonic stem cells that lack GAGs. GlcAT-I-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells have been established, and they completely lack CS and HS.…”

Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Kitagawa

2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains constitute a class of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). CS chains are distributed on the surfaces of virtually all cells and throughout most extracellular matrices; they are covalently attached to serine residues of core proteoglycan proteins. CS proteoglycans have been implicated as regulators of a variety of biological events, including cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and neurite outgrowth. The functional diversity of CS proteoglycans is mainly attributed to the structural variability of the GAG chains, specifically the CS chains. Despite their relatively simple polysaccharide backbones, CS chains acquire remarkable structural variability via several types of enzymatic modifications, including sulfation. Moreover, the sulfation status of CS chains, chain length, number of CS chains per core protein, or combinations thereof can be finely tuned via CS biosynthetic machinery to specify the structure and function of CS proteoglycans. The term "sugar remodeling" refers to the experimental or therapeutic structural alteration of CS chains via perturbation of specific CS biosynthetic enzymes in cells or living organisms; sugar remodeling is a promising approach to the study of CS chain function. This review focuses on our recent findings regarding CS function which have resulted from studies involving sugar remodeling.

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Section: Cs Has An Essential Role In Pluripotency Andmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Chn/cs Has An Essential Role In Embryonic Cellmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Kitagawa

2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…The ability of CS to induce stem cell proliferation has recently been documented in the nematode, and the involvement of chondroitin and CS in controlling embryonic cell division is mediated by regulating proper embryonic cytokinesis (35,92,93). Studies have also shown that CS serves as a docking site for growth factors and thereby modulates responsiveness to FGF-2 in embryonic NSPCs (94).…”

Section: Cs/ds Chains Promote Proliferation and Self-renewal Of Nspcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondroitin Sulfate “Wobble Motifs” Modulate Maintenance and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny

Purushothaman

Sugahara

Faissner

2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans, major components of the central nervous system, have the potential to interact with a wide range of growth factors and neurotrophic factors that influence neuronal migration, axon guidance pathways, and neurite outgrowth. Recent studies have also revealed the role of CS/DS chains in the orchestration of the neural stem/progenitor cell micromilieu. Individual functional proteins recognize a set of multiple overlapping oligosaccharide sequences decorated to give different sulfation patterns, which are termed here "wobble CS/DS oligosaccharide motifs," and induce signaling pathways essential for the proliferation, selfrenewal, and cell lineage commitment of neural stem/progenitor cells.The discovery of populations of multipotent self-renewing neural stem cells within fetal and adult brains has raised the hope of developing new therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) 3 are defined as self-renewing multipotential cells that can generate all types of neural cells, including neurons and glia (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). In an adult brain, NSPCs are present in two distinct regions: in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (1-4). During brain development, the neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube expand and self-renew by symmetric division. With increasing thickness of the neuroectoderm, radial glial cells emerge and fulfill the role of neural stem cells. In the first wave, these cells self-renew by symmetrical divisions. In parallel, an asymmetric division pattern develops in which each division cycle gives rise to a radial glial cell and a neuronal progenitor. This phase of neurogenesis is followed by a phase of gliogenesis. In many regions of the CNS, oligodendrocytes precede the formation of astrocytes, which constitute the final population that is formed in the developing CNS (5). The radial glial cells can transform into astrocytes, and the subpopulation of astrocytes in the SVZ has been identified as NSPCs in the adult brain (6). Thereafter, the radial glia recede. Adult forms of radial glia are preserved as Bergmann glia and Müller glia solely in the cerebellum and retina, respectively (7, 8). Thus, NSPCs, which are characterized by their high proliferative potential while retaining self-renewal and pluripotency, encompass neuroepithelial cells, radial glial cells, and SVZ astrocytes (9, 10). The self-renewal and differentiation properties of NSPCs are modulated by intrinsic factors such as transcription factors, intercellular interactions, and extrinsic factors present in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding how these factors regulate the differentiation of NSPCs is essential to exploit potential therapeutic applications to treating various neurodegenerative disorders and spinal cord injuries. Neural Stem Cell NicheThe microenvironment where the NSPCs reside and maintain their self-renewal, proliferation, and d...

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“…Defects in chondroitin synthesis cause embryonic lethality with cytokinesis arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice [Mizuguchi et al, 2003;Izumikawa et al, 2010]. In budding yeast, targeted vesicle fusion not only increases the surface area at the division site but also delivers enzymatic cargoes such as Chs2 for PS formation [Bi and Park, 2012].…”

Section: Ps Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of cytokinesis in budding yeast

Wloka

2012

Cytoskeleton

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Cytokinesis is essential for cell proliferation in all domains of life. Because the core components and mechanisms of cytokinesis are conserved from fungi to humans, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as an attractive model for studying this fundamental process. Cytokinesis in budding yeast is driven by two interdependent cellular events: actomyosin ring (AMR) constriction and the formation of a chitinous cell wall structure called the primary septum (PS), the functional equivalent of extracellular matrix remodeling during animal cytokinesis. AMR constriction is thought to drive efficient plasma membrane ingression as well as to guide PS formation, whereas PS formation is thought to stabilize the AMR during its constriction. Following the completion of the PS formation, two secondary septa (SS), consisting of glucans and mannoproteins, are synthesized at both sides of the PS. Degradation of the PS and a part of the SS by a chitinase and glucanases then enables cell separation. In this review, we discuss the mechanics of cytokinesis in budding yeast, highlighting its common and unique features as well as the emerging questions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Impairment of Embryonic Cell Division and Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis in Glucuronyltransferase-I-deficient Mice

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Using Sugar Remodeling to Study Chondroitin Sulfate Function

Chondroitin Sulfate “Wobble Motifs” Modulate Maintenance and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny

Mechanisms of cytokinesis in budding yeast

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