Impairment of Antimicrobial Activity and Nitric Oxide Production in Alveolar Macrophages from Smokers of Marijuana and Cocaine

Shay, Angela Hanchi; Choi, Rachel; Whittaker, Katherine; Salehi, Ken; Kitchen, Christina M. R.; Tashkin, Donald P.; Roth, Michael D.; Baldwin, Gayle Cocita

doi:10.1086/368370

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this study, the current authors found a nonsignificant predominance of tobacco smokers in PVOD patients. It has been speculated that a toxic exposure could be responsible for occult alveolar haemorrhage and impaired function of alveolar macrophages: increased percentages of haemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages were found in BAL fluid of cocaine smokers [31] and an impairment in nitric oxide production was observed in alveolar macrophages from smokers of marijuana and cocaine [32,33]. This chronic damage of the alveoli and of pulmonary microcirculation is not clear as far as tobacco exposure is concerned [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult alveolar haemorrhage in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

Rabiller¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

130

111

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Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension that affects predominantly post-capillary pulmonary vessels. A major concern with PVOD is the poor response to available therapies and the risk of pulmonary oedema with continuous intravenous epoprostenol.The present authors hypothesised that alveolar haemorrhage may be a characteristic feature of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, as compared with other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension that predominantly involve pre-capillary pulmonary arteries.This paper reports a series of 19 patients with either PVOD (n58) or idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH; n511) who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage. Cytological analyses were performed and differential counts were made on Perls-stained preparations. The Golde score was used to assess alveolar haemorrhage. As compared with IPAH, PVOD was characterised by a higher percentage of haemosiderin-laden macrophages (40¡37 versus 3¡6%), resulting in elevated Golde scores (81¡88 versus 4¡10).It was concluded that occult alveolar haemorrhage is a common feature of pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Detecting occult alveolar haemorrhage may be of interest in the diagnostic approach of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult alveolar haemorrhage in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

Rabiller¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

130

111

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“…With respect to other mechanisms that may facilitate HIV infection, THC has also been reported to alter cytokine production, suppress cell mediated immunity, and suppress the antimicrobial activity of macrophages (Klein et al, 2000;Zhu et al, 2000;Yuan et al, 2002;Gardner et al, 2002;Shay et al, 2003). Administration of THC to mice suppresses the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IFN-g and IL-12, and simultaneously enhances the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-h) and IL-10 (Klein et al, 2000;Zhu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses immune function and enhances HIV replication in the huPBL-SCID mouse

Roth¹,

Tashkin²,

Whittaker³

et al. 2005

Life Sciences

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“…Secondly, moderate marijuana smoking has different effects on immune cells exposed directly to smoke than on cells of systemic immunity. Alveolar macrophages in smokers have less cytokine production and responsiveness and lesser antimicrobial activity (Shay et al, 2003;Baldwin et al, 1997;Klein et al, 2003). Lymphocyte recruitment to the pulmonary airways is decreased in D9-THC-treated mice challenged with influenza virus A/PR/8/ 34 (PR8) when compared with mice challenged with PR8 alone.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Effects On Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%