Impaired working memory and normal sustained attention in borderline personality disorder

Lazzaretti, Matteo; Morandotti, Niccolò; Sala, Michela; Isola, Miriam; Frangou, Sophia; Vidovich, G. De; Marraffini, Elisa; Gambini, Francesca; Barale, Francesco; Zappoli, F.; Caverzasi, Edgardo; Brambilla, Paolo

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00630.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…The N2 latency WM load-independence might occur because the speed of processing for a 0-back task is not different from that of a 2-back task. For P3 amplitude, consistent with other studies (Posner et al, 2002; Stevens et al, 2004; Lazzaretti et al, 2012), we found no correlation between P3 amplitude and affect intensity or impulsiveness suggested that the diminished P3 amplitude was not modulated by affect intensity and impulsiveness. Previous studies found that the information processing stages are not parallel, and those impairments in one stage may affect other stages (Di Russo et al, 2010; Portella et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…But only a few studies have considered WM in BPD, and the results have been inconsistent. For example, whereas some studies found a WM deficit in BPD populations (O’Leary, 2000; Stevens et al, 2004; Lazzaretti et al, 2012), others did not (Sprock et al, 2000; Judd, 2005; Gvirts et al, 2012). When normal populations engage in a WM task, the parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are activated (Curtis, 2006; Fang et al, 2016; Ng et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stevens et al (2004) reported that WM was impaired in BPD subjects, but WM function did not worsen when cognitive load was increased. Lazzaretti et al (2012) only observed WM deficit in BPD patients when WM demands were high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Event-Related Potentials Altered in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder during Working Memory Tasks

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Whereas some studies have demonstrated impaired working memory (WM) among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), these findings have not been consistent. Furthermore, there is a lack of neurophysiological evidence about WM function in patients with BPD. The goal of this study was to examine WM function in patients with BPD by using event-related potentials (ERPs). An additional goal was to explore whether characteristics of BPD (i.e., impulsiveness and emotional instability) are associated with WM impairment. A modified version of the N-back task (0- and 2-back) was used to measure WM. ERPs were recorded in 22 BPD patients and 21 age-, handedness-, and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) while they performed the WM task. The results revealed that there were no significant group differences for behavioral variables (reaction time and accuracy rate) or for latencies and amplitudes of P1 and N1 (all p > 0.05). BPD patients had lower P3 amplitudes and longer N2 latencies than HC, independent of WM load (low load: 0-back; high load: 2-back). Impulsiveness was not correlated with N2 latency or P3 amplitude, and no correlations were found between N2 latency or P3 amplitude and affect intensity scores in any WM load (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, the lower P3 amplitudes and longer N2 latencies in BPD patients suggested that they might have some dysfunction of neural activities in sub-processing in WM, while impulsiveness and negative affect might not have a close relationship with these deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Event-Related Potentials Altered in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder during Working Memory Tasks

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…It is possible that this lack of inhibitory control leads to engagement in more risky and impulsive behaviour, although this relation remains untested by the current study. This finding that adolescents with a predominantly externalizing BPD presentation were rated as having poorer working memory than adolescents with a predominantly internalizing presentation is consistent with prior work in adults demonstrating that highly impulsive individuals with BPD exhibit the most difficulty with working memory 56 and suggests that perhaps working memory impairments may differentially relate to internalizing and externalizing BPD presentations. Although prior research examining the relation between working memory and BPD in adults has been unclear, with some studies reporting definitive working memory deficits in individuals with BPD, [56][57][58] and others finding no such deficits, 34,59 our finding may bridge this gap, indicating that the heterogeneity of BPD symptomatology may be contributing to this discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Differential relations of executive functioning to borderline personality disorder presentations in adolescents

Kalpakci

Sharp

2018

Personality & Mental Health

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents is highly complex and heterogeneous. Within the disorder, research has suggested the existence of at least two subgroups: one with predominantly internalizing psychopathology features and one with predominantly externalizing psychopathology features. One process that may differentiate these groups is executive functioning (EF), given that poor EF is linked to externalizing psychopathology. Against this background, the current study used a multi-informant approach to examine whether adolescent patients with predominantly externalizing BPD presentations experience greater deficits in EF than adolescent patients with predominantly internalizing presentations. The sample included inpatient adolescents ages 12-17 (M = 15.26; SD = 1.51). Analyses revealed that multiple EF domains distinguished the BPD subgroups. More specifically, adolescents with externalizing presentations exhibited greater difficulties in broad domains related to global executive functioning, metacognition and behavioural regulation and specific domains related to inhibitory control, working memory, planning/organizing, monitoring and organization of materials. While this study is the first to examine EF and adolescent BPD in the context of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, alternative approaches to examining this question are discussed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…In fact the task in the last two blocks requires a higher working memory load, since the subject must keep in mind both categories to give the CR. Deficits in neuropsychological performance in BPD when working memory demands are high has been demonstrated elsewhere in our previous work (Sala et al, 2009; Lazzaretti et al, 2012). This finding supports the relationship between working memory load and impulsivity, that has been already demonstrated in literature (Hinson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Repetitive TMS on Left Cerebellum Affects Impulsivity in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study

Vidovich

Muffatti

Monaco

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a severe pattern of instability in emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, identity and impulse control. These functions are related to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and since PFC shows a rich anatomical connectivity with the cerebellum, the functionality of the cerebellar-PFC axis may impact on BPD. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of cerebello-thalamo-cortical connections in impulsive reactions through a pre/post stimulation design. BPD patients (n = 8) and healthy controls (HC; n = 9) performed an Affective Go/No-Go task (AGN) assessing information processing biases for positive and negative stimuli before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS; 1 Hz/10 min, 80% resting motor threshold (RMT) over the left lateral cerebellum. The AGN task consisted of four blocks requiring associative capacities of increasing complexity. BPD patients performed significantly worse than the HC, especially when cognitive demands were high (third and fourth block), but their performance approached that of HC after rTMS (rTMS was almost ineffective in HC). The more evident effect of rTMS in complex associative tasks might have occurred since the cerebellum is deeply involved in integration and coordination of different stimuli. We hypothesize that in BPD patients, cerebello-thalamo-cortical communication is altered, resulting in emotional dysregulation and disturbed impulse control. The rTMS over the left cerebellum might have interfered with existing functional connections exerting a facilitating effect on PFC control.

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Impaired working memory and normal sustained attention in borderline personality disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Event-Related Potentials Altered in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder during Working Memory Tasks

Event-Related Potentials Altered in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder during Working Memory Tasks

Differential relations of executive functioning to borderline personality disorder presentations in adolescents

Repetitive TMS on Left Cerebellum Affects Impulsivity in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study

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