Impaired Word and Face Recognition in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Behavioral flexibility (BF) performance is influenced by both psychological and physiological factors. Recent evidence suggests that impulsivity and blood glucose can affect executive function, of which BF is a subdomain. Here, we hypothesized that impulsivity, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose changes (ie, glucoregulation) from postprandial blood glucose (PBG) following the intake of a 15-g glucose beverage could account for variability in BF performance. The Stroop Color-Word Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used as measures of BF, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) to quantify participants' impulsivity. In Study 1, neither impulsivity nor FBG could predict performance on the Stroop or the WCST. In Study 2, we tested whether blood glucose levels following the intake of a sugary drink, and absolute changes in glucose levels following the intake of the glucose beverage could better predict BF. Results showed that impulsivity and the difference in blood glucose between time 1 (postprandial) and time 2, but not blood glucose levels at time 2 per se could account for variation in performance on the WCST but not on the Stroop task. More specifically, lower impulsivity scores on the BIS-11, and smaller differences in blood glucose levels from time 1 to time 2 predicted a decrease in the number of total and perseverative errors on the WCST. Our results show that measures of impulsivity and glucoregulation can be used to predict BF. Importantly our data extend the work on glucose and cognition to a clinically relevant domain of cognition.

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Impulsiveness, postprandial blood glucose, and glucoregulation affect measures of behavioral flexibility

Riby

Ong

Azmie

et al. 2017

Nutrition Research

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Glucose regulation and face recognition deficits in older adults: the role of attention

Jones

Riby

Smith

2017

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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The present study investigated the perceptual, attentional and memory processes underlying face recognition deficits observed in older adults with impaired glucoregulation. Participants were categorised as good glucoregulators or poor glucoregulators on the basis of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Using event-related potential (ERP) methodology, 23 participants (18 females, range = 62 to 88 years old, mean age = 73.87 years old, SD = 8.41) performed a 2-stimulus oddball task. Participants were asked to rate and memorise 10 'target' faces, which were then presented amongst 120 unfamiliar foils. Behavioural results indicated that good glucoregulators were significantly more accurate at recognising target faces. ERP markers of early visual perception (the P1 and N170 components) and memory formation (the P3 component) were unaffected by glucoregulatory efficiency. The P2 component, an index of attentional processing, was larger and delayed in the poor glucoregulators. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to suggest that face recognition deficits in poor glucoregulators may be due to impairments in attentional processing.

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Prosopagnosia: When a familiar face becomes a stranger

Tooth

2021

Optician

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Impaired Word and Face Recognition in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: Background: Older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) exhibit accelerated decline in

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Impulsiveness, postprandial blood glucose, and glucoregulation affect measures of behavioral flexibility

Impulsiveness, postprandial blood glucose, and glucoregulation affect measures of behavioral flexibility

Glucose regulation and face recognition deficits in older adults: the role of attention

Prosopagnosia: When a familiar face becomes a stranger

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