Impaired Visual Object Recognition and Dorsal/Ventral Stream Interaction in Schizophrenia

Doniger, Glen M.; Foxe, John J.; Murray, Micah M.; Higgins, Beth A.; Javitt, Daniel C.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1011

Cited by 305 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…These findings are significant in several ways. First, our findings confirm reported P1 deficits in patients compared to controls (Basinska, 1998;Doniger et al, 2002;Foxe et al, 2001;Matsuoka et al, 1996;Romani et al, 1986;Spencer et al, 2003). Furthermore, the fact that the P1 component was particularly prominent in the low contrast (M) and high contrast (mixed M/P) conditions but not in the chromatic contrast (P) condition is further indication of the M genesis of this component (Di Russo et al, 2001;Ellemberg et al, 2001;Previc, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Furthermore, we expected that components dependent upon M pathway input would be preferentially affected in schizophrenia. In particular, we hypothesized that P1 would be reduced in amplitude in schizophrenia, in accord with our earlier findings (Butler et al, 2001;Doniger et al, 2002;Foxe et al, 2001), and that the reduction would be most pronounced in the M-biased (low luminance contrast) condition.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Initial, as well as current, studies of the tVEP (Shagass et al, 1977;Straumanis et al, 1982;van der Stelt et al, 2004) have found no impairment in the early components of the waveform, reporting a deficit only at 200 ms (Shagass, 1980) or later (van der Stelt et al, 2004). In other studies, however, significant P1 deficits have been observed (Basinska, 1998;Doniger et al, 2002;Foxe et al, 2001;Matsuoka et al, 1996;Romani et al, 1986;Spencer et al, 2003). Stimulus types, recording characteristics (e.g., filter frequencies) and patient types have varied considerably across studies, leaving the basis for the divergence in results unresolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Multiple P1 generators have been identified, with the largest activity observed over dorsal stream sites, with extrastriate (V3, V3a and middle occipital gyrus) (Di Russo et al, 2001;Vanni et al, 2004) as well as striate contributions (Aine et al, 1995;Maier et al, 1987;Vanni et al, 2004). P1 is followed by N1, a negative deflection peaking at approximately 150 ms with multiple generators that may represent P-mediated activation of ventral stream structures such as lateral occipital complex (Bentin et al, 1999;Doniger et al, 2000Doniger et al, , 2001Doniger et al, , 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairments in generation of early-stage transient visual evoked potentials to magno- and parvocellular-selective stimuli in schizophrenia

Schechter

Butler

Zemon

et al. 2005

Clinical Neurophysiology

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136

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Objective-Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate significant impairments of early visual processing, potentially implicating dysfunction of the magnocellular visual pathway. The present study evaluates transient visual evoked potential (tVEP) responses to stimuli biased toward the magnocellular (M) or parvocellular (P) systems in patients with schizophrenia vs. normal volunteers first to evaluate relative contributions of M and P systems to specific tVEP components in schizophrenia and, second, to evaluate integrity of early M and P processing in schizophrenia.Methods-Seventy-four patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were compared with 59 control subjects using separate stimuli to assess the tVEP response to M, P and mixed M/P conditions. Stimuli were biased toward M vs. P processing by manipulation of chromatic and achromatic contrast. C1, P1, N1 and P2 components were compared between patients and controls. All subjects showed 20/32 vision or better.Results-Waveforms were obtained to low contrast (M), chromatic contrast (P) and high contrast (mixed M/P) stimuli in both patients and controls. C1 was present to P and mixed M/P stimuli. Patients showed a significant reduction in amplitude and an increase in latency of the C1 component. P1 was elicited primarily by M and mixed M/P stimuli, whereas N1 was elicited primarily by P and mixed M/P stimuli. Patients showed reductions in both P1 and N1 amplitudes across conditions. However, only reductions in P1 amplitude survived covariation for between group differences in visual acuity. Further, P1 amplitude reductions in the M condition correlated with a proxy measure of global outcome.Conclusions-M-and P-selective stimuli elicit differential components of the tVEP. Patients with schizophrenia show significant reductions in response even to simple visual stimuli. Deficits, particularly within the M system, may correlate significantly with global outcome and level of community functioning.Significance-Whereas deficits in high-order cognitive processing have been extensively documented in schizophrenia, integrity of early-stage sensory processing has been studied to a lesser degree. The present findings suggest that deficits in early-stage visual processing are significantly

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impairments in generation of early-stage transient visual evoked potentials to magno- and parvocellular-selective stimuli in schizophrenia

Schechter

Butler

Zemon

et al. 2005

Clinical Neurophysiology

Self Cite

136

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“…Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that perceptual abnormalities associated with schizophrenia may be channel-specific. The majority of findings in schizophrenic subjects suggest that deficits are more prominent in the magnocellular pathway or in the dorsal stream which would also implicate magnocellular processing (Green et al, 1994 a,b;O'Donnell et al, 1996;Cadenhead et al, 1998;Butler et al, 2001;Doniger et al, 2002;Schecter et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2005;) although some recent evidence implicates the parvocellular pathway in visual processing abnormalities associated with schizophrenia (Butler et al, 2002;Green et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus in normal and schizophrenic subjects

Selemon

Begovic

2007

Psychiatry Research

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Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with dysfunction of the magnocellular pathway, i.e. the visual relay from peripheral retinal cells to the two ventrally located magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The present study was undertaken to determine whether abnormalities in cell number and volume of the LGN are associated with schizophrenia and whether the structural alterations are restricted to either the magnocellular or parvocellular subdivisions of the LGN. Series of Nissl-stained sections spanning the LGN were obtained from 15 schizophrenic and 15 normal control subjects. The optical disector/ fractionator sampling method was used to estimate total neuronal number, total glial number and volume of the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the LGN. Cell number and volume of the LGN in schizophrenic subjects were not abnormal. Volume of both parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the LGN decreased with age. These findings do not support the hypothesis that early visual processing deficits are due to reduction of neuronal number in the LGN.

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Functional Neuroanatomy of Visual Masking Deficits in Schizophrenia

Green¹,

Lee²,

Cohen³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Context Visual masking procedures assess the earliest stages of visual processing. Patients with schizophrenia reliably show deficits on visual masking, and these procedures have been used to explore vulnerability to schizophrenia, probe underlying neural circuits, and help to explain functional outcome. Objective The goal of the current study was to identify and compare regional brain activity associated with one form of visual masking (i.e. backward masking) in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Design, Setting, and Participants Nineteen patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy control subjects were recruited from the VA Greater Los Angles Healthcare System and local communities. Subjects received functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. While in the scanner, subjects performed a backward masking task, and were given three functional localizer activation scans to identify early visual processing regions of interest (ROIs). Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measure was the magnitude of the fMRI signal during backward masking. Results Two ROIs (lateral occipital complex (LO), and motion sensitive area, hMT+) showed sensitivity to the effects of masking, meaning that signal in these areas increased as the target became more visible. Patients had lower activation than controls in LO across all levels of visibility, but did not differ in other visual processing ROIs. Using whole brain analyses, we also identified areas outside the ROIs that were sensitive to masking effects (including bilateral inferior parietal lobe and thalamus), but groups did not differ in signal magnitude in these areas. Conclusions The study results support a key role in LO for visual masking, consistent with previous studies in healthy controls. The current results indicate that patients fail to activate LO to the same extent as controls during visual processing regardless of stimulus visibility, suggesting a neural basis for the visual masking deficit, and possibly other visual integration deficits, in schizophrenia.

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Impaired Visual Object Recognition and Dorsal/Ventral Stream Interaction in Schizophrenia

Cited by 305 publications

References 70 publications

Impairments in generation of early-stage transient visual evoked potentials to magno- and parvocellular-selective stimuli in schizophrenia

Impairments in generation of early-stage transient visual evoked potentials to magno- and parvocellular-selective stimuli in schizophrenia

Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus in normal and schizophrenic subjects

Functional Neuroanatomy of Visual Masking Deficits in Schizophrenia

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