Abstract:Purpose
Sleep loss impairs a range of neurobehavioral functions, particularly vigilant attention and arousal. However, the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on inhibition control and its relationship to vigilant attention impairments remain unclear. This study examined the extent to which vigilant attention deficits contribute to inhibition control performance after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and two nights of partial sleep restriction (PSR).
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“…Previous studies reported attention deficits, memory problems, and impaired executive functions after either total or partial sleep deprivation. 17 , 33 , 34 It is known that patients with mTBI can suffer from long-term cognitive difficulties and lower quality of life. This study showed that moderate-severe sleep disturbances are associated with delayed recovery of cognitive functions and unfavorable long-term outcomes post-mTBI.…”
Mild (mTBI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for the majority of all TBI cases. Evidence has suggested that patients with mTBI can suffer from long-lasting cognitive deficits, persistent symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Sleep disorders are commonly observed after TBI, with the prevalence rate of sleep disturbances in persons with TBI being much higher than that in the general population. Poor sleep quality can impair cognitive functions in the general population. This effect of sleep disturbances may impede the recovery processes in the population with TBI. The objective of this study is to add to our understanding of the relationship between self-reported sleep problems and other post-concussion symptoms and look at the association between early sleep problems and long-term outcomes in mTBI. Post-concussion symptoms, neurocognitive functions, level of global outcomes, and rating of satisfaction of life were assessed in 64 patients with mTBI. The results revealed that the presence of sleep disturbances co-occur with an increased level of overall post-concussion symptoms at the subacute stage of mTBI, particularly with symptoms including poor concentration, memory problems, and irritability. In addition, sleep disturbance at the subacute stage is associated with persistent poor concentration and memory problems, as well as worse neurocognitive function, slower overall recovery, and lower satisfactory of life at the long term. Our findings suggest that sleep disturbance can be a prognostic factor of long-term outcomes after mTBI. Early interventions to improve sleep quality can have potential benefits to facilitate the recovery process from mTBI.
“…Previous studies reported attention deficits, memory problems, and impaired executive functions after either total or partial sleep deprivation. 17 , 33 , 34 It is known that patients with mTBI can suffer from long-term cognitive difficulties and lower quality of life. This study showed that moderate-severe sleep disturbances are associated with delayed recovery of cognitive functions and unfavorable long-term outcomes post-mTBI.…”
Mild (mTBI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for the majority of all TBI cases. Evidence has suggested that patients with mTBI can suffer from long-lasting cognitive deficits, persistent symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Sleep disorders are commonly observed after TBI, with the prevalence rate of sleep disturbances in persons with TBI being much higher than that in the general population. Poor sleep quality can impair cognitive functions in the general population. This effect of sleep disturbances may impede the recovery processes in the population with TBI. The objective of this study is to add to our understanding of the relationship between self-reported sleep problems and other post-concussion symptoms and look at the association between early sleep problems and long-term outcomes in mTBI. Post-concussion symptoms, neurocognitive functions, level of global outcomes, and rating of satisfaction of life were assessed in 64 patients with mTBI. The results revealed that the presence of sleep disturbances co-occur with an increased level of overall post-concussion symptoms at the subacute stage of mTBI, particularly with symptoms including poor concentration, memory problems, and irritability. In addition, sleep disturbance at the subacute stage is associated with persistent poor concentration and memory problems, as well as worse neurocognitive function, slower overall recovery, and lower satisfactory of life at the long term. Our findings suggest that sleep disturbance can be a prognostic factor of long-term outcomes after mTBI. Early interventions to improve sleep quality can have potential benefits to facilitate the recovery process from mTBI.
“…However, the advent of 24/7 technology and increasingly demanding daily routines has led to widespread sleep loss, which has been a major public health concern in the contemporary society. Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that lack of sleep results in significant performance deficits across a broad range of neurocognitive functions, particularly vigilant attention, motor responses, inhibition control, and working memory (Chee & Choo, 2004; Czisch et al., 2012; Dinges et al., 1997; Eide et al., 2021; Goel et al., 2009, 2013; Hudson et al., 2020; Liew & Aung, 2021; Mao et al., 2021).…”
Sleep loss impacts a broad range of brain and cognitive functions. However, how sleep deprivation affects risky decisionâmaking remains inconclusive. This study used functional MRI to examine the impact of one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on risky decisionâmaking behavior and the underlying brain responses in healthy adults. In this study, we analyzed data from Nâ=â56 participants in a strictly controlled 5âday and 4ânight inâlaboratory study using a modified Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Participants completed two scan sessions in counterâbalanced order, including one scan during rested wakefulness (RW) and another scan after one night of TSD. Results showed no differences in participants' riskâtaking propensity and riskâinduced activation between RW and TSD. However, participants showed significantly reduced neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula for loss outcomes, and in bilateral putamen for win outcomes during TSD compared with RW. Moreover, riskâinduced activation in the insula negatively correlated with participants' riskâtaking propensity during RW, while no such correlations were observed after TSD. These findings suggest that sleep loss may impact risky decisionâmaking by attenuating neural responses to decision outcomes and impairing brainâbehavior associations.
“…It also has important implications for understanding the degree to which sleep deprivation effects are generally driven by vigilant attention deficits, even on tasks other than those measuring vigilant attention (cf. Mao et al, 2021).…”
Summary
Sleep deprivation consistently decreases vigilant attention, which can lead to difficulty in performing a variety of cognitive tasks. However, sleepâdeprived individuals may be able to compensate for degraded vigilant attention by means of topâdown attentional control. We employed a novel task to measure the degree to which individuals overcome impairments in vigilant attention by using topâdown attentional control, the Flexible Attentional Control Task (FACT). The FACT is a twoâchoice task that has trials with valid, invalid, and neutral cues, along with an unexpected switch in the probability of cue validity about halfway in the task. The task provides indices that isolate performance components reflecting vigilant attention and topâdown attentional control. Twelve healthy young adults completed an inâlaboratory study. After a baseline day, the subjects underwent 39âhours of total sleep deprivation (TSD), followed by a recovery day. The FACT was administered at 03:00, 11:00, and 19:00 during sleep deprivation (TSD condition) and at 11:00 and 19:00 after baseline sleep and at 11:00 after recovery sleep (rested condition). When rested, the subjects demonstrated both facilitation and interference effects on cued trials. While sleep deprived, the subjects showed vigilant attention deficits on neutral cue trials, and an impaired ability to reduce these deficits by using predictive contextual cues. Our results indicate that the FACT can dissociate vigilant attention from topâdown attentional control. Furthermore, they show that during sleep deprivation, contextual cues help individuals to compensate partially for impairments in vigilant attention, but the effectiveness of topâdown attentional control is diminished.
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