Impaired vascular responses to nitroglycerin in subjects with coronary atherosclerosis

Raitakari, Olli T.; Seale, J. Paul; Celermajer, David S.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01321-7

Cited by 88 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is of special importance given recent observations of differences between (clinical) groups with and without atherosclerosis (Maruhashi et al ;Raitakari et al 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Time-course of vascular adaptations during 8 weeks of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and middle-aged controls

et al. 2014

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endothelial and smooth muscle function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) administration in 13 type 2 diabetes patients (59±6 years) and 10 healthy subjects (58±7 years) before, during (2-weekly) and after an 8-week training program.Arterial structure was assessed via peak blood flow and artery diameter. RESULTS Training increased peak oxygen uptake (P=0.03), comparable between groups (P=0.276). We observed a similar impact of training on brachial artery vasomotor function across the training period in diabetes patients and controls (FMD/GTN-ratio), with a higher FMD/GTN-ratio at 2, 6 and 8 weeks (P=0.036). Artery diameter, peak blood flow or peak diameter had not changed after training. CONCLUSION Training leads to rapid improvement in brachial artery vascular function in diabetes patients and controls. In contrast to previous observations in healthy young subjects, the increase in function was preserved after 8 weeks of training in middleaged diabetes patients and controls, suggesting a different time-course in vascular adaptations in subjects with endothelial dysfunction.

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“…This is of special importance given recent observations of differences between (clinical) groups with and without atherosclerosis (Maruhashi et al ;Raitakari et al 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Time-course of vascular adaptations during 8 weeks of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and middle-aged controls

et al. 2014

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“…Analysis of pooled data from 800 subjects who had participated in various studies of endothelial function demonstrated a significant relationship between GTN-and flowmediated dilatation, independent of the effects of vessel size or traditional vascular risk factors (23). More recently, the dose-response curve for GTN-mediated vasodilatation has been examined in subjects with proven CAD and in healthy controls (24). Compared with controls, the CAD patients had significantly reduced GTN-mediated vasodilatation, with the greatest difference observed with lower doses of GTN (150-400 g).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Compared with controls, the CAD patients had significantly reduced GTN-mediated vasodilatation, with the greatest difference observed with lower doses of GTN (150-400 g). This suggests that, in addition to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis is associated with functional abnormalities of vascular smooth muscle cells (24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Screening for atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Comparison of two in vivo tests of vascular function

Doornum¹,

McColl²,

Jenkins³

et al. 2003

Arthritis & Rheumatism

126

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Objective. Inflammation appears to play a central role in atherosclerosis, and endothelial damage mediated by systemic inflammation may contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and pulse wave analysis (PWA) are measures of vascular function. The aim of this study was to determine if FMD and PWA are abnormal in patients with RA.Methods. Twenty-five RA patients and 25 matched healthy controls were studied. All were free of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. FMD was measured in all subjects. PWA was performed in 18 RA patients and 18 controls, with results expressed as large and small artery compliance (C1 and C2). Modified Sharp scores were calculated in 13 RA patients.Results. Results (mean ؎ SD) in RA patients and controls, respectively, were as follows: FMD 107.6 ؎ 4.6% versus 108.5 ؎ 4.1% (P ‫؍‬ 0.49), C1 14.8 ؎ 2.8 ml/mm Hg ؋ 10 versus 17.9 ؎ 3.1 ml/mm Hg ؋ 10 (P ‫؍‬ 0.0033), C2 4.5 ؎ 2.3 ml/mm Hg ؋ 100 versus 7.7 ؎ 3.7 ml/mm Hg ؋ 100 (P ‫؍‬ 0.0039). There was an inverse correlation between C2 and modified Sharp scores in the RA patients (Spearman's rho -0.69, P ‫؍‬ 0.0085).Conclusion. FMD was normal in these RA patients, whereas arterial compliance was markedly reduced. PWA appears to be a more sensitive measure of vascular dysfunction than FMD in RA and may be the preferred surrogate marker of vascular dysfunction in longitudinal studies of RA patients. The inverse correlation between C2 and the modified Sharp score, a measure that reflects disease activity over time, supports the notion that chronic inflammation plays a role in RA-associated atherosclerosis.

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“…However, nitrate-mediated arterial relaxation also seems to attenuate in the process of atherosclerosis. 33 …”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Origin as a Determinant of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation

Juonala¹,

Viikari²,

Kähönen³

et al. 2005

ATVB

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Objective-People living in eastern Finland have Ϸ40% higher coronary heart disease mortality rates than western Finns.Whether this is because of genetic or environmental factors is unknown. We examined the effect of geographic family origin on subclinical atherosclerosis among young Finns. Methods and Results-As part of a longitudinal follow-up study, we measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in 2264 and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in 2109 white adults, aged 24 to 39 years. Subjects from eastern Finland had greater IMT and lower FMD compared with western subjects. These differences accentuated when the subjects' family origin (grandparents' birthplace) was taken into account and remained significant after adjusting for several environmental factors. Among subjects with all grandparents born in eastern or western Finland, IMTs were (meanϮSEM) 0.592Ϯ0.003 versus 0.565Ϯ0.005 mm (PϽ0.0001), respectively. The corresponding FMD values were 7.61Ϯ0.15% versus 8.75Ϯ0.26%; PϽ0.01. The number of grandparents born in eastern Finland was directly related to IMT (PϽ0.0001) and inversely to FMD (PϽ0.05). Conclusions-Young adults originating from eastern Finland have greater carotid IMT and lower brachial FMD thanwestern Finns. Consistent with a hereditable component predisposing to or protecting from atherosclerosis, these differences accentuated when subjects' family origin was taken into account. Key Words: atherosclerosis Ⅲ intima-media thickness Ⅲ flow-mediated dilatation F inland has high coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, but the risk is unequally distributed within the country. People living in eastern Finland have Ϸ40% higher CHD mortality rates than those living in western Finland. In the Seven Countries Study in the 1960s 1 and in the World Health Organization Monitoring Trends Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (WHO MONICA) project in the 1980s, 2 eastern Finnish men were leading the world statistics in CHD mortality. Higher rates for hypertension, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia in the eastern parts of the country were considered to explain the excess risk. Therefore, a national program, the North Karelia Project, was launched in the 1970s to influence diet and other lifestyles to lower risk factor levels. 3 The results of this population strategy have been successful. From the 1970s, CHD mortality rates among working-age population have declined by 65% in the whole country. 4 The differences in conventional risk factor levels between eastern and western Finland have become smaller because of adoption of similar lifestyle and diet. 5 Despite these diminishing regional contrasts in risk factor levels and the overall decline in mortality, the gradient between the eastern and western parts of the country has remained virtually unchanged from the 1960s, 6 with persistently higher mortality rates in the east. This may suggest that genetic differences exist in CHD susceptibility between the people of the eastern and western parts of the country. 6 Although the Finnish population has previou...

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Impaired vascular responses to nitroglycerin in subjects with coronary atherosclerosis

Cited by 88 publications

References 14 publications

Time-course of vascular adaptations during 8 weeks of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and middle-aged controls

Time-course of vascular adaptations during 8 weeks of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and middle-aged controls

Screening for atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Comparison of two in vivo tests of vascular function

Geographic Origin as a Determinant of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation

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