Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration in smokers—results from the German Multicenter Study on Nicotine Dependence

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is a severe health burden being related to a number of chronic diseases. Frequently, smokers report about sleep problems. Sleep disturbance, in turn, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders related to smoking and may be relevant for the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence. Therefore, determining the frequency of sleep disturbance in otherwise healthy smokers and its association with degree of nicotine dependence is highly relevant. In a population-based case-control study, 1071 smokers and 1243 non-smokers without lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I disorder were investigated. Sleep quality (SQ) of participants was determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. As possible confounders, age, sex and level of education and income, as well as depressiveness, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity, alcohol drinking behaviour and perceived stress, were included into multiple regression analyses. Significantly more smokers than non-smokers (28.1% versus 19.1%; P < 0.0001) demonstrated a disturbed global SQ. After controlling for the confounders, impaired scores in the component scores of sleep latency, sleep duration and global SQ were found significantly more often in smokers than non-smokers. Consistently, higher degrees of nicotine dependence and intensity of smoking were associated with shorter sleep duration. This study demonstrates for the first time an elevated prevalence of sleep disturbance in smokers compared with non-smokers in a population without lifetime history of psychiatric disorders even after controlling for potentially relevant risk factors. It appears likely that smoking is a behaviourally modifiable risk factor for the occurrence of impaired SQ and short sleep duration.

A cross-sectional, multi-centric, epidemiology study to determine the prevalence of insomnia and related sleep habits in Indian hypertensive patients

“…Consistent with our results, several investigators have reported that current smokers were more likely to have symptoms of insomnia, including shorter sleep time, longer sleep latency, higher rapid eye movement, sleep density, more episodes of sleep apnea, and more leg movements during sleep. [24][25][26][27] Sabanayagam and Shankar found that current cigarette smokers were nearly twice as likely to report insufficient sleep and rest as compared to non-smokers. 28 Prior research has suggested that nicotine has adverse pathophysiological effects on the brain and the central nervous system.…”

Relationship between self-control and peer conformity with smoking behavior

“…Old person smokes influenced by psychological factors in smoking. That is, the psychological state of a person determines the length of a person smokes (Triyanti 2006;Cohrs, S., Rodenbeck, A., Riemann, D., Szagun, B., Jaehne, A., Brinkmeyer, J., & Dahmen, N. 2014). …”

Gender and the Association of Smoking with Sleep Quantity and Quality in American Adults

“…A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount smoked and sleep symptoms. In multivariate analyses, no INTRODUCTION Many studies have investigated the relationship between smoking and sleep disorders (Cohrs et al, 2012;Javaheri, Shukla, & Wexler, 2012;Kim et al, 2012;Sabanayagam & Shankar, 2011); however, previous studies have rarely tested for gender differences in this association in the U.S. population. Tobacco smoking and male gender are among the well-established risk factors for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) (Punjabi, 2008).…”