Impaired Sleep Mediates the Negative Effects of Training Load on Subjective Well-Being in Female Youth Athletes

Watson, Andrew; Brickson, Stacey

doi:10.1177/1941738118757422

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…18 Mood, fatigue, and stress may fluctuate significantly on a much shorter timeline, and previous research has demonstrated the influence of acute training load on several measures of well-being. 22 With that in mind, in the present study, we found that daily measures of mood, fatigue, stress, and soreness were all predictors of injury during the season. Sleep, training load, and subjective well-being interact considerably, and we sought to evaluate the independent effects of sleep and subjective well-being while accounting for the influences of training load.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Decreased Sleep Is an Independent Predictor of In-Season Injury in Male Collegiate Basketball Players

Watson

Johnson

Sanfilippo

2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Although decreased sleep has been associated with decreased performance, increased illness risk, and impaired well-being in athletes, the relationship between sleep and injury risk in collegiate athletes is unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: To evaluate the independent effects of sleep duration and subjective well-being on in-season injury in male collegiate basketball athletes. We hypothesized that decreased sleep would be associated with an increased risk of in-season injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: During 2 consecutive seasons, 19 male National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I basketball players reported mood, fatigue, stress, soreness, sleep duration (hours), and previous day’s training load every morning. Well-being measures were recorded on a scale from 0 (worst) to 5 (best), and all time-loss injuries were recorded by the team athletic trainer. Separate mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effects of sleep and subjective well-being on in-season injury, with adjustment for same-day training load and individual repeated measures. To determine the independence of sleep and well-being as predictors of injury, each well-being variable was included in a separate mixed-effects logistic regression model, with sleep and training load as covariates. Results: During the study period, 32 injuries were recorded. In the initial separate prediction models, in-season injury was significantly predicted by mood (odds ratio [OR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.66), fatigue (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33-0.59), stress (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.76), soreness (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.32-0.54), and sleep duration (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49-0.66) ( P < .001 for all). In the multivariable models, sleep duration remained a significant, independent predictor in each of the subsequent multivariable models (OR, 0.52-0.69; P < .001 for all) as did soreness (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.95; P = .024), whereas mood (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.76-1.9; P = .43), fatigue (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.65-1.9; P = .68), and stress (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.75-1.5; P = .69) were no longer significant. Conclusion: Increased sleep duration is independently associated with a reduced risk of in-season injury in male collegiate basketball players, even after adjustment for training load and subjective well-being. The effects of mood, fatigue, and stress on injury were no longer evident after adjustment for the effect of sleep duration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Decreased Sleep Is an Independent Predictor of In-Season Injury in Male Collegiate Basketball Players

Watson

Johnson

Sanfilippo

2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…Finally, overtraining is considered an important risk factor for injury in a number of sports, and acute increases in training load have been shown to be an independent risk factor for injury in youth soccer players, perhaps as a result of impairments in sleep and subjective well-being, which serve as early indicators of overtraining. 58,71,72 An often overlooked risk factor for injury is illegal play. 73 Collins et al 73 analyzed data regarding rates of injury attributable to activity that was deemed to be a violation of the rules of the game in high school athletes involved in various sports.…”

Section: Injury Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soccer Injuries in Children and Adolescents

Watson

Mjaanes

2019

Pediatrics

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Participation in youth soccer in the United States continues to increase steadily, with a greater percentage of preadolescent participants than perhaps any other youth sport. Despite the wide-ranging health benefits of participation in organized sports, injuries occur and represent a threat to the health and performance of young athletes. Youth soccer has a greater reported injury rate than many other contact sports, and recent studies suggest that injury rates are increasing. Large increases in the incidence of concussions in youth soccer have been reported, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries remain a significant problem in this sport, particularly among female athletes. Considerable new research has identified a number of modifiable risk factors for lower-extremity injuries and concussion, and several prevention programs have been identified to reduce the risk of injury. Rule enforcement and fair play also serve an important role in reducing the risk of injury among youth soccer participants. This report provides an updated review of the relevant literature as well as recommendations to promote the safe participation of children and adolescents in soccer. Soccer is the most popular youth sport in the world and is 1 of the most popular team sports in the United States. 1 It is estimated that 3.9 million children and adolescents participate in soccer annually, 2 and from 1990 to 2014, the number of youth officially registered with US youth soccer programs increased by almost 90%. 3 Despite the wide-ranging health benefits of participation in organized sports, injuries occur and represent a threat to both athlete health and performance. 4 Unfortunately, recent studies suggest that injury rates in youth soccer may be increasing. Sportsrelated injuries represent a significant and increasing economic burden to the health care system, and the prevention of sports-related injuries in children has far-reaching health and economic benefits to the patient, the family, and the health care system as a whole. Given the number of children and youth participating in youth soccer, reducing the risk of injury among such a large group of participants has the potential to reduce attrition rates, promote lifelong participation in sport, and facilitate the

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“…9,11 Furthermore, the absence of a full night of rest (approximately 8 hours) can exacerbate the negative effects of training load on mood, fatigue, and stress in young female athletes. 8 Therefore, work to further delineate the association between sleep quality and specific QOL factors such as depression and anxiety in healthy youth athletes will help clinicians to better identify sources of worsened QOL and determine appropriate management strategies for youth athletes seeking care for physical injury or mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In adult and youth athletes, researchers have observed that sleep influences physical performance and recovery following strenuous activity. [8][9][10] Specifically, they noted that due to high physical activity levels, athletes should obtain more than the typical recommendation of 8 hours of sleep per night. 10 Despite this recommendation, many youth athletes still report sleeping <7 hours a night, especially during intense training periods or seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Despite this recommendation, many youth athletes still report sleeping <7 hours a night, especially during intense training periods or seasons. [8][9][10] This loss of sleep may have harmful effects to many different facets of life, including physical or psychosocial function. 9,11 Furthermore, the absence of a full night of rest (approximately 8 hours) can exacerbate the negative effects of training load on mood, fatigue, and stress in young female athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep Quality and Quality of Life Among Healthy High School Athletes

Potter

Howell

Dahab

et al. 2019

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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We examined the association between sleep quality and quality of life (QOL) among uninjured high school athletes. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Profile 25 questionnaire. One hundred ten athletes reported poor sleep quality (mean PSQI: 6.6 ± 2.0; mean age: 15.3 ± 1.1; 62% female); 162 athletes reported good sleep quality (mean PSQI: 2.3 ± 1.3; mean age: 15.1 ± 1.7; 33% female). After adjusting for sex and age, worse sleep quality was associated with higher physical function/mobility (β = 0.034; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.007-0.060; P = .01), anxiety (β= 0.391; 95% CI = 0.263-0.520; P < .001), depressive symptom (β = 0.456; 95% CI = 0.346-0.565; P < .001), fatigue (β = 0.537; 95% CI = 0.438-0.636; P < .001), pain interference (β = 0.247; 95% CI = 0.119-0.375; P < .001), and pain intensity (β = 0.103; 95% CI = 0.029-0.177; P = .006) ratings. Poor self-reported sleep quality among adolescent athletes was associated with worse QOL ratings. Clinicians should consider assessing sleep hygiene to provide guidance on issues pertaining to reduced QOL.

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Impaired Sleep Mediates the Negative Effects of Training Load on Subjective Well-Being in Female Youth Athletes

Abstract: Monitoring and promoting sleep among female adolescent athletes may significantly improve subjective well-being, particularly during periods of increased TL.

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Decreased Sleep Is an Independent Predictor of In-Season Injury in Male Collegiate Basketball Players

Decreased Sleep Is an Independent Predictor of In-Season Injury in Male Collegiate Basketball Players

Soccer Injuries in Children and Adolescents

Sleep Quality and Quality of Life Among Healthy High School Athletes

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