Impaired sexual response after lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in male rats.

Liu, Yian-Cheng; Salamone, John D.; Sachs, Benjamin D.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.111.6.1361

Cited by 79 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…the mPOA), and the ejaculatory reflex (eg. the PVN and PVT, (Coolen, Allard, Truitt, and McKenna, 2004;Liu, Salamone, and Sachs, 1997;Veening and Coolen, 1998). The RFRP-3 fibers were also found be in close proximity to GnRH neurons and were in many cases observed to wrap around the presumed axonal hillocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Johnson

Tsutsui

Fraley

2007

Hormones and Behavior

350

391

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A recently described avian neuropeptide, gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), has been shown to have seasonal regulatory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadotropin axis (HPG) in several avian species. In the bird, GnIH expression is increased during the photorefractory period and has inhibitory effects on the HPG. A recently described mammalian neuropeptide, RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), may be genetically related and functionally similar to this avian neuropeptide. The purposes of this study were to first see if rat RFRP-3 is expressed in the male rat brain and second to determine if ICV injections of RFRP-3 will have effects on feeding and sex behaviors, as well as hormone release from the anterior pituitary. Results confirm other studies in that immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers are observable in areas of the male rat brain known to control the HPG and feeding and sex behaviors. RFRP-3 fibers are also observed in close proximity to GnRH immunoreactive cell bodies. Behavioral tests indicate that high but not low ICV RFRP-3 (500 vs. 100 ng, respectively) significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed all facets of male sex behavior while not having any observable effects on their ability to ambulate. Sex behavior was later exhibited when those same male rats received the ICV vehicle. While suppressing sex behavior, ICV RFRP-3 significantly (p < 0.05) increased food intake compared to controls. ICV RFRP-3 also significantly reduced plasma levels of luteinizing hormone but increased growth hormone regardless of the time of day; however, at no time did RFRP-3 alter plasma levels of FSH, thyroid hormone, or cortisol. These results indicate that although RFRP-3 has similar effects on LH as observed with GnIH in avian species, in the rat RFRP-3 has additional roles in regulating feeding and growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Johnson

Tsutsui

Fraley

2007

Hormones and Behavior

350

391

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“…It is noteworthy that PnNOS was detected in the magnocellular region, an area of the paraventricular nucleus that in male rats was specifically identified through lesions produced by radio frequency as containing neurons involved in intromission, ejaculatory latency, and reflexive erections (Liu et al, 1997;Afifi and Bergman, 1998). However, there are functional/anatomic discrepancies, because only a small fraction of the PnNOS-containing magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus may send projections to the penis, based on the sparsity of cells in this area identified by retrograde tracing (Marson, 1999;Marson and Carson, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Labels and scale bars were added. Immunoreactivity was analyzed by Image Pro 4.01 image analysis system (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD; Ferrini et al, 2001ab;Liu et al, 1997). At least 10 anatomically matched sections per animal were analyzed for medial septum, preoptic area (including organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, medial preoptic area, and septohypothalamic nucleus), and six sections for paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile neuronal nitric oxide synthase and its regulatory proteins are present in hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in the control of penile erection

Ferrini

Magee

Vernet

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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Control of penile erection requires the coordination of the hypothalamus and the L6-S1 region of the spinal cord. Erection requires the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is tightly regulated. Because variants of nNOS (penile nNOS: PnNOS) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (truncated NMDAR subunit 1: NMDAR1-T) as well as protein inhibitor of NOS (PIN) have all been located in the pelvic ganglia and penile nerves, this work aims to determine whether these proteins are also present in the hypothalamus. It was found that PnNOS, the brain-type nNOS, and PIN, were expressed in the hypothalamus. In contrast, NMDAR1-T was expressed only in the penis, whereas the brain-type NMDAR1 was present in the brain and sacral spinal cord and not in the penis. PnNOS was found in the media preoptic area, posterior magnocellular, and the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, medial septum, cortex, and in some of the nNOS staining neurons throughout the brain. It was absent in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. PIN staining was present in neurons of the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, medial septum, and cortex, but not in the supraoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, or organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Colocalization between PnNOS and PIN was found in the medial preoptic area, medial septum, and cortex, and less in the paraventricular nucleus. PnNOS and oxytocin were colocalized in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. In hypothalamic extracts, recombinant PIN-GST protein bound to PnNOS in the extracts and partially inhibited NOS activity. These results indicate that both nNOS variants, and their respective regulatory proteins are present and colocalize in the hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in penile erection.

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“…As expected, sexual behaviors were significantly decreased following suppression of ERα in the MPA of female mice. Particularly in males, the POA has been shown to be critically important for the proper manifestation of sexual behaviors; electrical or chemical lesions of the medial preoptic region decrease or abolish male sexual behaviors (7,8,9,43). In contrast, stimulation of the POA increases copulation in male mice (44), and the expression of c-Fos in the POA is increased in male mice (43,45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

siRNA silencing of estrogen receptor-α expression specifically in medial preoptic area neurons abolishes maternal care in female mice

Ribeiro

Musatov

Shteyler

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The medial preoptic area has been shown to be intricately involved in many behaviors, including locomotion, sexual behavior, maternal care, and aggression. The gene encoding estrogen receptor-α (ERα) protein is expressed in preoptic area neurons, and a very dense immunoreactive field of ERα is found in the preoptic region. ERα knockout animals show deficits in maternal care and sexual behavior and fail to exhibit increases in these behaviors in response to systemic estradiol treatment. In the present study, we used viralvector mediated RNA interference to silence ERα expression specifically in the preoptic area of female mice and measured a variety of behaviors, including social and sexual aggression, maternal care, and arousal activity. Suppression of ERα in the preoptic area almost completely abolished maternal care, significantly increasing the latency to pup retrieval and significantly reducing the time the moms spent nursing and licking the pups. Strikingly, maternal aggression toward a male intruder was not different between control and preoptic ERα-silenced mice, demonstrating the remarkably specific role of ERα in these neurons. Reduction of ERα expression in preoptic neurons significantly decreased sexual behavior in female mice and increased aggression toward both sexual partners and male intruders in a seminatural environment. Estrogen-dependent increases in arousal, measured by home cage activity, were not mediated by ERα expression in the preoptic neurons we targeted, as ERα-suppressed mice had increases similar to control mice. Thus, we have established that a specific gene in a specific group of neurons is required for a crucially important natural behavior.ating back to the 1970s, the preoptic region has been implicated in a variety of complex, natural, biologically crucial behaviors, ranging from sexual behavior to locomotion to maternal care. These roles for the preoptic region were first demonstrated using lesion studies; for instance, radiofrequency, electrolytic, and cytotoxic lesions of the medial preoptic area (MPA) were shown to disrupt many components of maternal care (1-6). Likewise, electrolytic lesions (7-9), chemical lesions (9-11), or knife-cuts disrupting preoptic afferents (12,13) all severely impair or abolish male sexual behavior, whereas electrical stimulation of this region enhances male copulatory behaviors (14). Additionally, c-Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, is significantly increased in the preoptic region following copulatory behaviors (15). With respect to locomotor activity, there is ample evidence demonstrating that electrical or chemical stimulation of preoptic neurons enhances locomotor activity in rats (16)(17)(18)(19).Given the importance of the preoptic region in mediating these complex biologically relevant hormone-dependent behaviors, the next step was to establish the cytochemical make-up of these populations of neurons. Before immunocytochemical techniques were routinely used, placement of hormone extracts was used to delineate the hormone and...

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Impaired sexual response after lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in male rats.

Cited by 79 publications

References 39 publications

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Penile neuronal nitric oxide synthase and its regulatory proteins are present in hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in the control of penile erection

siRNA silencing of estrogen receptor-α expression specifically in medial preoptic area neurons abolishes maternal care in female mice

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