Impaired pesticide removal and detoxification by biomixtures during the simulated pesticide application cycle of a tropical agricultural system

Correlation of the Diffusion Parameters and the Biological Activities in the Formulation of Pinus halepensis Essential Oil in Phosphogypsum Material

“…This simulation has important implications because it enables researchers to determine the amount of oil that remains during biological applications, which is critical for assessing the biological activities of the oil. These profiles provide information about the concentration of the oil at various heights and at different times, enabling researchers to obtain more precise data [48][49][50].…”

On-Farm Removal of Pesticides: Current Insights on Biopurification Systems

“…47 A similar trend was observed during the treatment of phosmet, in which case the detoxification toward F. candida required more than 60 d, while faster detoxification was achieved toward E. cryoticus after 30 d. 48 Phytotoxicity, determined as the germination index in L. sativa, has been useful to demonstrate detoxification after the first herbicide application (of linuron) in a BPS employed for pesticide treatment during the cycle production of potato; however, subsequent addition and accumulation of other insecticides/fungicides ended up in more toxic residues. 40 On the other hand, no clear detoxification could be determined during the simultaneous treatment of several triazine herbicides and the insecticide chlorpyrifos; 57 contrastingly, partial detoxification patterns were observed during the treatment of pesticides mixtures (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides), although more toxic effects were determined when oxytetracycline, an antibiotic used in agricultural, was codisposed in the biomixture, probably correlating the adverse effects reported for this compound over the growth of terrestrial and aquatic plants such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 58 and duckweed (Lemna minor). 59 Overall, such data highlights the importance of employing a large battery of benchmark organisms, not only in acute but also in chronic assays, to properly estimate and monitor the residual toxicity of a BPS.…”

“…Acute tests, probably due to their faster, cheaper, and in general easier protocols, have been employed more often than chronic tests, basically applying the immobilization test in the microcrustacean Daphnia magna , , mortality tests in the earthworm Eisenia andrei , the annelid worm Enchytraeus crypticus , and the springtail Folsomia candida − as well as the inhibition of bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri . Chronic assays so far applied include reproduction tests in the same organisms used for acute determinations, and metabolic alterations in the fish Oreochromis aureus ; ,, similarly, phytotoxicity determined by germination tests in the plant Lactuca sativa has been seldom applied. ,,,, Alternative approaches such as the use of pesticide toxicity index (PTI), which employs ecotoxicological parameters from aquatic indicator species (i.e., vascular and nonvascular plants, invertebrates, and fish) rather than direct tests, have been used to determine detoxification of BPS effluents. As expected, the usefulness of these benchmark organisms depends on the functional nature of the pesticides removed in the BPS; i.e., the daphnids are expected to be more sensitive to insecticides, and the phytotoxicity tests are more appropriate for herbicides.…”

Improved plant bioconcentration modeling of pesticides: The role of periderm dynamics

“…Pesticides are widely applied to enhance the productivity of agricultural crops and to fight unwanted pests. After field application, pesticides can enter crops through multiple pathways, such as absorption and plant uptake, which can lead to negative health impacts for humans 1–8 . Potato, as one of the most consumed crops worldwide, plays a significant role in the global food supply 9 .…”

“…After field application, pesticides can enter crops through multiple pathways, such as absorption and plant uptake, which can lead to negative health impacts for humans. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 Potato, as one of the most consumed crops worldwide, plays a significant role in the global food supply. 9 Pesticide residues are frequently detected in harvested potato tubers around the world, with research indicating that diffusion from the soil is a major contributor.…”