Impaired glucose metabolism moderates the course of illness in bipolar disorder

Obesity and frontal‐striatal brain structures in offspring of individuals with bipolar disorder: Results from the global mood and brain science initiative

“…Differences in our study sample composition, which included predominantly at‐risk individuals, and the study populations of the aforementioned studies may explain this difference in outcome. Replicated evidence indicates that the clinical presentation and the genetic and neurobiological substrates of mood disorders are moderated by obesity as well as metabolic components (eg type II diabetes mellitus) . For example, recent work has suggested that BMI influences the association between risk for BD and a variant in the gene encoding transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2), which is involved in the canonical Wnt pathway .…”

“…For example, structural neurodevelopment is complex and the relationship between brain structures and age seems to be nonlinear with significant regional heterogeneity . Moreover, replicated evidence indicates that medical disorders (eg obesity) differentially affect individuals with BD and influence illness trajectory and progression . For example, increased body mass index (BMI) has been previously shown to impact GM volumes, as well as white matter (WM) integrity, in first‐episode BD .…”

Emotional hyper‐reactivity and cardiometabolic risk in remitted bipolar patients: a machine learning approach

“…In addition, increased levels of triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol also featured among the ten most relevant predictors, indicating that patients with emotional hyper‐reactivity presented many additional cardiometabolic risk factors. This can be considered as a proxy for the broadly defined metabolic syndrome, contributing to the subsequent increase in the risk of future medical comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and CVD in those patients . The fact that cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers were the strongest predictors for discriminating remitted BD patients with emotional hyper‐reactivity state from those without could suggest a different pattern of chronic mood instability in those with emotional hyper‐reactivity.…”

“…Finally, this cross‐sectional study assessed remitted BD patients under various therapeutic regimens and, thus, changes in the levels of hsCRP and cardiometabolic markers may be related to medication use. However, patients with BD may present cardiometabolic and inflammatory alterations prior to psychotropic treatment .…”

BDNF and BMI effects on brain structures of bipolar offspring: results from the global mood and brain science initiative

“…Obesity has been associated with changes in BDNF peripheral levels and the BDNF Val66Met genotype . Although there is preliminary evidence that impaired glucose metabolism moderates the relationship between BDNF and BD course, the effect of obesity in BDNF levels in mood disorders has been insufficiently studied . However, interventions, such as physical exercise and caloric restriction, have been shown to induce increase in BDNF levels in individuals with mood disorders .…”