Impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilation in heart failure: Clinical evidence and the potential for therapy

Ultrasonographic measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation in dogs with chronic valvular disease

“…Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may also influence FMD by improving NO availability. 32,33 An ideal control group would be of similar size, age and breed as dogs with CVD, with all or none of the dogs habituated to the procedure and with all measurements being made in the same clinic. Statistical comparisons should therefore be interpreted with caution.…”

Assessment of Peripheral Endothelial-Dependent Vasodilatation Within the First Year After Heart Transplantation

“…Peripheral ED has been demonstrated in patients with heart failure. [1][2][3][4][5] This is an important finding because it is associated with low exercise capacity and poor prognosis. 24 -26 ED present before HTtx may persist after HTx.…”

“…[1][2][3] The most relevant mechanisms are low cardiac output and neurohormonal and cytokine activation. 4,5 Although abnormal coronary vasoreactivity has been described after heart transplantation (HTx), whether ED normalizes after HTx is still a matter of controversy.…”

Rosuvastatin but not ezetimibe improves endothelial function in patients with heart failure, by mechanisms independent of lipid lowering

“…Endothelial dysfunction is ascertained in ischemic as well as in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy [1,2], and it is estimated as the degree of the vasodilation of the brachial artery induced by ischemia (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) [3][4][5].…”