“…Quality assessments of the included studies according to the CEBM checklist designed for cross-sectional studies are shown in Table 2 [ 40 ], [ 19 ], [ 51 ], [ 38 ], [ 48 ], [ 52 ], [ 20 ], [ 41 ], [ 42 ], [ 43 ], [ 14 ], [ 44 ], [ 55 ], [ 27 ], [ 34 ], [ 45 ], [ 53 ], [ 28 ], [ 46 ], [ 16 ], [ 49 ], [ 29 ], [ 30 ], [ 31 ], [ 47 ], [ 39 ], [ 32 ], [ 21 ], [ 54 ], [ 37 ], [ 33 ], [ 50 ], [ 15 ], [ 36 ], [ 35 ], with an unclear risk of bias for most of the included studies. The certainty in the pooled estimates was evaluated using GRADE, shown in Tables 3 – 6 .…”