Impaired Angiogenesis After Hindlimb Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Abstract-Deficient angiogenesis after ischemia may contribute to worse outcomes of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors promote angiogenesis. We hypothesized that in peripheral arterial disease, maladaptive changes in VEGF ligand/receptor expression could account for impaired angiogenesis in DM. Skeletal muscle from diet-induced, type 2 diabetic (DM) and age-matched normal chow (NC)-fed mice was collected at baseline and 3 and 10 days after hindlimb ischemia and analyzed for expression of VEGF (nϭ10 per

Impact of type 2 diabetes on the plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors type 1 and type 2 in patients with peripheral arterial disease

“…An animal model conducted by Hazarika et al (2007) provided interesting results. A mouse with induced diabetes diet and artificially (surgically) induced lower limb ischemia had significantly higher baseline VEGF levels (before ischemia) in comparison with the control group.…”

“…Our study showed slightly higher mean concentrations of sVEGFR-1 in the subgroup of patients with PAD and coexisting type 2 diabetes in comparison with the control group. Hazarika et al (2007) conducted a study on an animal model to test sVEGFR-1 concentrations. Initial marking of sVEGFR-1 (before inducing ischemia) in the blood of mice with diabetes revealed significantly lower values comparable with non-diabetic mice.…”

Restoration of Angiogenesis by Enalapril in Diabetic Hindlimb Ischemc Rats

“…Published studies have reported that eNOS, VEGF and bFGF mRNA decrease during diabetes [19][20][21] . Further, VEGF ligand signaling is lower in diabetic mice compared with control mice 22,23 . In contrast, it is suggested that lower expression of angiogenic factors is not responsible for microangiopathy in diabetic ischemic tissue 24 .…”

“…In this experiment, serum sVEGF-R1 concentrations significantly increased during diabetes. Over expression of VEGF-R1 and sVEGF-R1 in diabetic animals has been reported 22 . ACE inhibitors are widely used as antihypertensive drugs.…”

A reappraisal of the role of circulating (progenitor) cells in the pathobiology of diabetic complications

“…In the vascular system, experimental diabetes has consistently been shown to impair recovery after endothelial denudation [4] and peripheral ischaemia [5][6][7]. Standardisation of these disease models suggests that impaired responses associated with diabetes are attributable to defective repair rather than excess damage.…”