Impaired Adrenocortical Response to Stress by Brown Trout,Salmo trutta,Living in Metal-Contaminated Waters of the Eagle River, Colorado

Norris, David O.; Donahue, Sean; Dores, Robert M.; Lee, Jennifer K.; Maldonado, Tammy A.; Ruth, Tina; Woodling, John D.

doi:10.1006/gcen.1998.7177

Cited by 112 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This supports previous research that has suggested Cd exposure disrupts cortisol mobilization in response to handling stress in vivo or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge in vitro (Brodeur et al, 1997;Leblond and Hontela, 1999). However, unlike previous studies (Hontela et al, 1995;Norris et al, 1999), resting plasma cortisol levels were not affected by Cd exposure to any significant extent. This previous work was carried out in the field, where fish were presumably exposed to sublethal waterborne Cd for much longer durations, so this result is perhaps not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It is of interest to note that alarm substance-induced changes in plasma cortisol and ion levels in this and other studies are relatively minor compared with those frequently observed after major physiological stress (e.g. handling and seawater transfer; Norris et al, 1999;Evans, 2002). This may reflect differences in the nature of the stressors and the energetic requirements of the physiological response to each stressor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Although the effects of Cd exposure between lab and field data may not be directly comparable due to possible differences in water chemistry, the waterborne Cd concentrations chosen for this set of experiments are similar to those measured in polluted waters of Canada, USA and Europe (Jensen and BroRasmussen, 1992;Cabrera et al, 1998;Norris et al, 1999). Furthermore, concentrations chosen are in the range of current water quality guidelines for Cd in surface waters [2.5·µg·l -1 and 0.29·µg·l -1 for acute and chronic exposure, respectively, at 120·mg·l -1 water hardness (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2001); 0.24·µg l -1 for chronic exposure (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 1999)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Scott

Sloman

Rouleau³

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Alarm substance is a chemical signal released from fish skin epithelial cells after a predator causes skin damage. When other prey fish detect alarm substance by olfaction, they perform stereotypical predator-avoidance behaviours to decrease predation risk. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of sublethal cadmium (Cd) exposure on the behavioural and physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to alarm substance. Waterborne exposure to 2 μg Cd l–1 for 7 days eliminated normal antipredator behaviours exhibited in response to alarm substance, whereas exposures of shorter duration or lower concentration had no effect on normal behaviour. Furthermore, dietary exposure to 3 μg Cd g–1 in the food for 7 days, which produced the same whole-body Cd accumulation as waterborne exposure to 2 μg l–1, did not alter normal behaviour,indicating that an effect specific to waterborne exposure alone (i.e. Cd accumulation in the olfactory system) results in behavioural alteration. Whole-body phosphor screen autoradiography of fish exposed to 109Cd demonstrated that Cd deposition in the olfactory system (rosette, nerve and bulb) during waterborne exposure was greater than in all other organs of accumulation except the gill. However, Cd could not be detected in the brain. A short-term elevation in plasma cortisol occurred in response to alarm substance under control conditions. Cd exposures of 2 μg l–1 waterborne and 3 μg g–1 dietary for 7 days both inhibited this plasma cortisol elevation but did not alter baseline cortisol levels. Our results suggest that exposure to waterborne Cd at environmentally realistic levels (2 μg l–1) can disrupt the normal behavioural and physiological responses of fish to alarm substance and can thereby alter predator-avoidance strategies, with potential impacts on aquatic fish communities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Scott

Sloman

Rouleau³

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consideration of such environmental influences on population dynamics would allow for a more realistic assessment of Zn effects on brown trout (2001,2004). As a local example that could influence site-specific survival estimates, Norris et al (1999) reported that brown trout chronically stressed by exposure to metals in Colorado's Eagle River responded abnormally to acute stresses. Thus, individual fish and populations may be unable to cope with additional stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing population‐level effects of zinc exposure to brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Arkansas River at Leadville, Colorado

Toll

Garber

DeForest

et al. 2012

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We assessed population-level risk to upper Arkansas River brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) due to juvenile exposure to Zn. During spring, individuals in the sensitive young-of-the-year life stage are exposed to elevated Zn concentrations from acid mine drainage. We built and used a simple life-history population model for the risk assessment, with survival and fecundity parameter values drawn from published data on brown trout populations located in the United States and Europe. From experimental data, we derived a toxicity model to predict mortality in brown trout fry after chronic exposure to Zn. We tested sensitivity of risk estimates to uncertainties in the life-history parameters. We reached 5 conclusions. First, population projections are highly uncertain. A wide range of estimates for brown trout population growth is consistent with the scientific literature. The low end of this range corresponds to an unsustainable population, a physically unrealistic condition due to combining minimum parameter values from several studies. The upper end of the range corresponds to an annual population growth rate of 281%. Second, excess mortality from Zn exposure is relatively more predictable. Using our exposure-response model for excess mortality to brown trout fry due to Zn exposure in the upper Arkansas River at the mouth of California Gulch in the years 2000 to 2005, we derived a mean estimate of 6.1% excess mortality (90% confidence interval ¼ 1.6%-14.1%). Third, population projections are sensitive to all the parameters that contribute to the onset of reproduction. The weight of evidence suggests that young-of-the-year survival is most important; it is inconclusive about the ranking of other parameters. Fourth, population-level risk from Zn exposure is sensitive to young-of-the-year survival. If young-of-the-year survival exceeds 20% to 25%, then the marginal effect of excess juvenile mortality on population growth is low. The potential effect increases if youngof-the-year survival is less than 20%. Fifth, the effect of Zn on population growth is predictable despite high uncertainty in population projections. The estimate was insensitive to model uncertainties. This work could be useful to ecological risk assessors and managers interested in using population-level endpoints in other risk assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:50-62. ß 2012 SETAC

show abstract

“…Finally, they also suggest that Ln 3ϩ s as well as divalent cations may produce toxic actions on the adrenal gland through inhibitory actions on ACTH binding. Toxic effects of metals on adrenal steroidogenesis have been reported (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual actions of lanthanides on ACTH-inhibited leak K⁺channels

Enyeart

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine adrenal zona fasciculata cells express background K+ channels ( I ACchannels) whose activity is potently inhibited by ACTH. In whole cell patch clamp recordings, it was discovered that the trivalent lanthanides (Ln3+s) lanthanum and ytterbium interact with two binding sites to modulate K+ flow through these channels. Despite large differences in ionic radii, these Ln3+s inhibited I AC channels half-maximally with IC50 values near 50 μM. In addition, these Ln3+s blocked and reversed ACTH-mediated inhibition of I AC K+ channels at similar concentrations. The Ln3+s did not alter inhibition of I AC by angiotensin II or cAMP. Ln3+-induced uncoupling of ACTH receptor activation from I AC inhibition was prevented by raising the external Ca2+ concentration from 2 to 10 mM. The divalent cation Ni2+ (500 μM) also blocked ACTH-dependent inhibition of I AC through a Ca2+-sensitive mechanism. The results are consistent with a model in which Ln3+s produce opposing actions on I AC K+ currents through two separate binding sites. In addition to directly inhibiting I AC, Ln3+s (and Ni2+) bind with high affinity to a Ca2+-selective site associated with the ACTH receptor. By displacing Ca2+ from this site, Ln3+s prevent ACTH from binding and accelerate its dissociation. These results identify Ln3+s as a relatively potent group of noncompetitive ACTH receptor antagonists. Allosteric actions of trivalent and divalent metal cations on hormone binding, mediated through Ca2+-specific sites, may be common to a variety of peptide hormone receptors.

show abstract

Impaired Adrenocortical Response to Stress by Brown Trout,Salmo trutta,Living in Metal-Contaminated Waters of the Eagle River, Colorado

Cited by 112 publications

References 32 publications

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Assessing population‐level effects of zinc exposure to brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Arkansas River at Leadville, Colorado

Dual actions of lanthanides on ACTH-inhibited leak K⁺channels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Impaired Adrenocortical Response to Stress by Brown Trout,Salmo trutta,Living in Metal-Contaminated Waters of the Eagle River, Colorado

Cited by 112 publications

References 32 publications

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Assessing population‐level effects of zinc exposure to brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Arkansas River at Leadville, Colorado

Dual actions of lanthanides on ACTH-inhibited leak K+channels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Dual actions of lanthanides on ACTH-inhibited leak K⁺channels