Impacts on combustion behavior of adding nanosized metal oxide to CH3N5-Sr(NO3)2 propellant

Zhang, Dan; Lu, Song; Cao, Chengyang; Liu, Changcheng; Gong, Lunlun; Zhang, Heping

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.074

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…IR spectrum bands for −NH 2 (3250–3400 cm −1 ) are also detected, which are obtained from 200 to 700 °C with weaker absorptive intensity. According to previous studies, the spectral band of 2400–2200 cm −1 with strong intensity is thought to be associated with the cyano group (−CN) [13], which appears in the temperature range of 200 to 700 °C. Besides, when the temperature is over 500 °C, the apparent absorption peak of HCN (700–740 cm −1 ) is detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Pyrolysis mechanisms of commonly used oxidizers on the 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole

Zheng

Wang

Duo

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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As a novel energetic material, 5-Amino-1H-tetrazole (5AT) has a history of proposed applications in the fields of airbags, rocket engines, and new propellants. However, the application of 5AT is limited for its poor combustion stability. Identification of the thermal behaviour and pyrolysis mechanism of 5AT could provide guidance on the control of combustion behaviour, which can be effectively improved by adding oxidizers. In this paper, five kinds of oxidizers (Ammonium perchlorate (AP), Sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 ), Ammonium nitrate (AN), Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ), and Chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 )) are mixed with 5AT for investigating the catalytic effects of multi-type oxidizers on 5AT. Thermal behaviour is analysed by the TG-DSC test and the thermal activation energy is evaluated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. Moreover, TG-FTIR and TG-MS analyses are used to infer the pyrolysis gas products of 5AT/oxidant. The experimental results indicate that the 5AT-AN has the lowest activation energy, and the degradation process was simplified into one step. The addition of AP, NaClO 4 , and MnO 2 can promote the pyrolysis process of 5AT due to the redox reaction between melamine and the decomposition products of oxidizers, while the catalytic effect of Cr 2 O 3 mainly occurs above 400 °C without the occurrence of oxidation. The catalytic mechanism of Cr 2 O 3 mainly performs on the polyaddition and the ring-opening reaction of N-containing heterocycles. The findings of this work may offer valuable direction for understanding, designing, and using 5AT-based propellants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Zhang et al. [13] found that 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 mixture is superior to other formulations on firefighting performance. Zhang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis mechanisms of commonly used oxidizers on the 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole

Zheng

Wang

Duo

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Metal salts are usually used as BRCs in propellants [31][32][33], especially for iron oxide [34] and ferrocenyl compounds [35][36], which are very effective in AP/HTPB/Al propellants. Because metal salts and oxides typically decrease decomposition temperature [37] or activity of catalytic decomposition [38] of AP-based propellants.…”

Section: Metal Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Use of Burning Rate Suppressants in AP‐Based Composite Propellants

Pang²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the most widely used oxidant in composite propellants. Propellants based on AP usually have a high burning rate, but in some applications, it is necessary to have a slower burning rate. The functional additives, which can reduce the burning rate of propellants, were named coolants, burning rate suppressants (BRSs), burning rate depressants, or burning rate inhibitors. This paper introduced different types of BRSs, such as amide-based compounds, cyclic azines, quaternary ammonium salts, metal salts, etc., their mechanism and development in AP-based composite propellants. For organic amines, the burning rate trend is as follows: biuret < melamine < oxamide < urea < base. Cyclic azines are special organic amines which form large, thermally stable cyclic azines in addition to common low-molecular-weight gases NH 3 , CO 2 , HCN, and N 2 O when heated. With the smallest addition but the highest effect, quaternary ammonium salts will not reduce the specific impulse of the propellant, nor do they interfere with cure reaction or adversely affect the physical properties of the cured propellant. Metal salts reduce the burning rate by forming more stable substances than HClO 4 with AP. The mechanism of BRSs is complicated, but all of them can be explained based on AP deflagration. At last, the development trend of efficient BRSs was discussed, the preparation of liquid BRSs and the combination of AP bonding agents with BRSs were both first proposed, which worth further research in the future.

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“…21 To overcome these limitations, various empirical and theoretical calculation methods have been developed to estimate the combustion temperature. 22,23 The gas output (V o ), adiabatic combustion temperature (T c ), and combustion products of the propellants were theoretically estimated in this study through an initial analysis based on the chemical equilibrium equation was then improved using a Gibbs free energy minimization method. Initial conditions were a combustion pressure of 7.0 MPa, an exit pressure of 0.1 MPa, and an initial temperature of 298.0 K.…”

Section: Theoretical Estimation Of Propellant Performancementioning

confidence: 99%