Impacts of White Pine Needle Damage on seasonal litterfall dynamics and wood growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in northern New England

McIntire, Cameron D.; Munck, Isabel A.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; Livingston, William H.; Asbjornsen, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.034

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Pests and diseases that result in a reduction of foliage are often associated with declines in woody diameter increment (Oliva et al, 2016;McIntire et al, 2018), and in the longer term, reductions in stored carbohydrates (Landhausser and Lieffers, 2012). Among residual symptomatic leaves, it is unknown how symptoms associated with BLD are altering leaf function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological impacts of beech leaf disease across a gradient of symptom severity among understory American beech

McIntire

2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Beech leaf disease (BLD) damage is associated with the parasitic nematode Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii. Foliar symptoms manifest as darkened or chlorotic galls in the interveinal portions in the leaf, which become leathery and crinkled under high severity of infection. Though nearly a decade has passed since the discovery of this disease, little is known regarding the impact of BLD on leaf function and physiology. This study assesses the variation in leaf gas exchange and physiological leaf traits among asymptomatic and BLD-infected leaves across a gradient of symptom severity within a natural forested stand in central Connecticut, USA. Leaves with BLD symptoms are found to have significantly reduced carbon assimilation and instantaneous water use efficiency, with increased levels of stomatal conductance as symptom severity progresses. Leaf response to light manipulation is also affected, with an increase in dark respiration and the light compensation point among banded and crinkled leaves. Additionally, BLD symptoms are found to have a significant influence on leaf water content, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content. Relationships between gas exchange and these leaf traits yield linear correlations that are used to infer functional relationships impacted by the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological impacts of beech leaf disease across a gradient of symptom severity among understory American beech

McIntire

2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…First, warming and wetting accelerate microbial activity, lengthen decomposition seasons, and increase hydrologic exports of C in runoff, surface and groundwater [ 47 , 48 ]. Second, the potential for increased fire activity due to the increasingly episodic nature of precipitation may make O horizons vulnerable, particularly in coniferous forests with thicker litter layers, forests that are overstocked or have high fuels density, or otherwise unhealthy forests [ 49 – 52 ]. Third, climate change impacts on forests and their C are occurring in synergy with other global change drivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use change and forest management effects on soil carbon stocks in the Northeast U.S.

Nave,

DeLyser,

Domke

et al. 2024

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background In most regions and ecosystems, soils are the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Their potential vulnerability to climate and land use change, management, and other drivers, along with soils’ ability to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration, makes them important to carbon balance and management. To date, most studies of soil carbon management have been based at either large or site-specific scales, resulting in either broad generalizations or narrow conclusions, respectively. Advancing the science and practice of soil carbon management requires scientific progress at intermediate scales. Here, we conducted the fifth in a series of ecoregional assessments of the effects of land use change and forest management on soil carbon stocks, this time addressing the Northeast U.S. We used synthesis approaches including (1) meta-analysis of published literature, (2) soil survey and (3) national forest inventory databases to examine overall effects and underlying drivers of deforestation, reforestation, and forest harvesting on soil carbon stocks. The three complementary data sources allowed us to quantify direction, magnitude, and uncertainty in trends. Results Our meta-analysis findings revealed regionally consistent declines in soil carbon stocks due to deforestation, whether for agriculture or urban development. Conversely, reforestation led to significant increases in soil C stocks, with variation based on specific geographic factors. Forest harvesting showed no significant effect on soil carbon stocks, regardless of place-based or practice-specific factors. Observational soil survey and national forest inventory data generally supported meta-analytic harvest trends, and provided broader context by revealing the factors that act as baseline controls on soil carbon stocks in this ecoregion of carbon-dense soils. These factors include a range of soil physical, parent material, and topographic controls, with land use and climate factors also playing a role. Conclusions Forest harvesting has limited potential to alter forest soil C stocks in either direction, in contrast to the significant changes driven by land use shifts. These findings underscore the importance of understanding soil C changes at intermediate scales, and the need for an all-lands approach to managing soil carbon for climate change mitigation in the Northeast U.S.

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“…Reduced growth and mortality had also been recorded among infected conifer seedlings in forest nurseries (Nicholls & Skilling, 1974;Ostry & Nicholls, 1989). stands up to 73% but also altered litterfall and nitrogen dynamics (McIntire et al, 2018). Infected hosts are also highly likely to be more vulnerable to other stressors such as the case of WPND on stressed P. strobus (Wyka et al, 2018) and Elytroderma deformans needle cast on Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson (Smirnova et al, 2021).…”

Section: Lophodermium Needle Cast Caused By Lophodermium Seditiosummentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Infection by multiple pathogens including Lophophacidium dooksii and Bifusella linearis (Peck) Höhn. resulted in white pine needle damage (WPND) that not only reduced the basal area increment of affected Pinus strobus L. stands up to 73% but also altered litterfall and nitrogen dynamics (McIntire et al., 2018). Infected hosts are also highly likely to be more vulnerable to other stressors such as the case of WPND on stressed P .…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Needle pathogens of Rhytismataceae: Current knowledge and research opportunities for conifer foliar diseases

Ata,

Burns,

Stewart

2024

Forest Pathology

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Needle diseases caused by pathogens within Rhytismataceae are increasing in frequency globally where pines are either a predominate species or are grown commercially, and yet remain poorly understood. Here, we provide background information on the current knowledge and management strategies of needle pathogens in the Rhytismataceae and discuss research opportunities using molecular tools to fill knowledge gaps. Many of the aggressive needle pathogens within this group lack morphological features to delimit species and are difficult to grow in axenic cultures, which complicates scientific investigations. Molecular research has greatly advanced knowledge of this unique group of pathogens. Nucleotide sequences from multiple gene loci identified greater diversity within this group of pathogens than previously thought, as new and cryptic species are being discovered in broader geographic regions. High throughput sequencing and analyses revealed that an endophytic lifestyle is a common trait among fastidious if not obligate needle pathogens within Rhytismataceae. Further, molecular analyses showed the impact these pathogens have on the diversity of endophytic microbiota is underestimated. Early detection in healthy‐looking needles using PCR‐based markers greatly improves capabilities for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Despite growing number of molecular studies on Rhytismataceae needle pathogens, fundamental questions on the taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and pathology of many Rhytismataceae needle pathogens remain unanswered. Nonetheless, with the projected changes in the occurrence and severity of Rhytismataceae pathogens, increased accessibility to molecular tools vastly expands the potential to gain more insights into understudied needle pathosystems to help define and address its impact under changing environments and consequently inform forest disease management more effectively.

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Impacts of White Pine Needle Damage on seasonal litterfall dynamics and wood growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in northern New England

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Physiological impacts of beech leaf disease across a gradient of symptom severity among understory American beech

Physiological impacts of beech leaf disease across a gradient of symptom severity among understory American beech

Land use change and forest management effects on soil carbon stocks in the Northeast U.S.

Needle pathogens of Rhytismataceae: Current knowledge and research opportunities for conifer foliar diseases

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