Impacts of urban form on future US passenger-vehicle greenhouse gas emissions

Hankey, Steve; Marshall, Julian

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.005

Cited by 171 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As indicated by Figure 3, both the absolute amount and density of infrastructure's material stocks have reached a relatively high level in the eastern region, comparing to those in the central and western regions. It has also been confirmed by our panel analysis that the increase of infrastructure stock density will reduce CO 2 emissions in the eastern region, which is consistent with the findings in many existing studies that a spatially compact urban form usually consumes less energy [9,37,38]. Moreover, as shown in Figure 4, in some highly urbanized areas such as Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), their economic development has reached a high level and thus had a large amount of infrastructure stocks and high stock density.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Implicationssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Impact of Infrastructure Stock Density on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from China Provinces

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Infrastructure not only plays an import role in socioeconomic development, but also results in a remarkable increase of CO 2 emissions. Based on a panel data analysis of 29 provinces in China from 1995 to 2013, we investigated the relationship between socioeconomic development and CO 2 emissions with special focus on the impact of infrastructure stock density in both the country and regional scales. The results confirmed that a 1% increase of material stocks in infrastructure per built-up area would lead to a 0.11% decrease in CO 2 emissions at the country level. The effect of infrastructure stock density on CO 2 emissions varied across regions, for which elasticity was −0.34, 0.06, and 0.14 for the eastern, central, and western region, respectively. In order to achieve a low-carbon and sustainable development, it is crucial to improve the spatial compactness of infrastructure in the future. Policy implications include upgrading the economic structure to a low-carbon one for the eastern region, accelerating the development of renewable energy infrastructure, and constructing and utilizing infrastructure in an energy-efficient way for the central and western regions.

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Section: Discussion and Policy Implicationssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Impact of Infrastructure Stock Density on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from China Provinces

et al. 2017

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“…With high VKT growth (2.3% annually), reductions fall well short of the goals despite strong improvements in vehicles and fuels emissions. These findings emphasize that VKT growth can overwhelm technology improvements in vehicles and fuels (38). Figure 1a also shows several policy combinations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Motor Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Non-California State: A Case Study of Minnesota

Boies

Hankey

Kittelson

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Approaches for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from motor vehicles include more-efficient vehicles, lowercarbon fuels, and reducing vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT). Many U.S. states are considering steps to reduce emissions through actions in one or more of these areas. We model several technology and policy options for reducing GHGs from motor vehicles in Minnesota. Considerable analysis of transportation GHGs has been done for California, which has a large population and vehicle fleet and can enact unique emissions regulations; Minnesota represents a more typical state with respect to many demographic and transportation parameters. We conclude that Minnesota has a viable approach to meeting its stated GHG reduction targets (15% by 2015 and 30% by 2025, relative to year 2005) only if advancements are made in all three areassvehicle efficiency, carbon content of fuels, and VKT. If policies focus on only one or two areas, potential improvements may be negated by backsliding in another area (e.g., increasing VKT offsetting improvements in vehicle efficiency).

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“…With lower percentages of the population engaged in agricultural activities and the need to supply food to larger non-agricultural populations, primary sector activities become more resource and energy intensive (Jones, 1991). Finally, due to increases in travel distances and mobility of passengers and freight in urban areas more energy is likely to be consumed (Jones, 2004;Rodrigue et al, 2006;Hankey and Marshall, 2010;Poumanyvong et al, 2012). These reasons lead to the hypothesis that urbanization positively affects total energy use.…”

Section: Research Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in OECD countries: An empirical analysis

2014

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This article aims to analyse the impact of urbanization on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in OECD countries by using the STIRPAT model and data for the period of 1980 to 2011. Demographic factors including total population, urbanization and population density are found to be significant factors, particularly with respect to non-renewable energy consumption. The results also reveal that while total population and urbanization positively influence non-renewable energy consumption, population density has a negative impact on non-renewable energy consumption. From the demographic factors only total population has a significant impact on renewable energy consumption. Granger causality results indicate that there is unidirectional causality from nonrenewable energy use to population density in the short run. However, no causal linkage is found between urbanization and non-renewable energy use. Likewise, no causal direction is seen between renewable energy use and any of the demographic factors.

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Impacts of urban form on future US passenger-vehicle greenhouse gas emissions

Cited by 171 publications

References 34 publications

The Impact of Infrastructure Stock Density on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from China Provinces

The Impact of Infrastructure Stock Density on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from China Provinces

Reducing Motor Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Non-California State: A Case Study of Minnesota

Urbanization and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in OECD countries: An empirical analysis

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