“…Although there are large discrepancies between the various estimates of long‐term change in the tropical Pacific under global warming (e.g., Collins et al, , Vecchi et al, ), many observations have confirmed that the long‐term trend of tropical Pacific SSTA is characterized by cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific and warming elsewhere in the tropical Pacific (i.e., a La Niña‐like pattern; e.g., Cane et al, , Coats & Karnauskas, , Compo & Sardeshmukh, , Funk & Hoell, , Karnauskas et al, , Li et al, , Li et al, , Solomon & Newman, , Zhang et al, ). Furthermore, the accelerating equatorial undercurrent, accelerating subtropical cells in the tropical Pacific, and the subsurface cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific associated with the La Niña‐like pattern have also been found in multiple observational data sets (e.g., Drenkard & Karnauskas, , Li et al, , Yang et al, ). In particular, the La Niña‐like pattern in the tropical Pacific is dominated by ocean dynamical process, whereby vigorous upwelling of cold water in the eastern equatorial region causes the slower warming in the eastern Pacific than in the western Pacific (e.g., Cane et al, ; Clement et al, ; DiNezio et al, ; Karnauskas et al, ; Li et al, , ; Seager & Murtugudde, ; Sun & Liu, ; Zhang et al, ).…”