Impacts of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) induced ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality on forest carbon cycling and successional dynamics in the eastern United States

Flower, Charles E.; Knight, Kathleen S.; Gonzàlez-Meler, Miquel A.

doi:10.1007/s10530-012-0341-7

Cited by 134 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It may take longer than two years to see changes in seedling regeneration of the remaining species in response to canopy openings, though we did observe a substantial (> 50%) but non-significant increase in red elm, U. rubra (Tab. 2), consistent with other studies in the USA Midwest (Flower et al 2013a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Ash decline will influence ecological interactions, such as potential shifts in bark-foraging and other bird behaviors (Flower et al 2014), and alter forest dynamics by creating canopy gaps that ultimately change forest composition and impact successional dynamics. In the USA Midwest, Acer and Ulmus species have the highest relative growth rates following EAB-induced ash mortality (Flower et al 2013a). Large scale loss of ash has the potential to impact regional carbon storage by reducing net primary productivity within high ash density forests (Flower et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA Midwest, Acer and Ulmus species have the highest relative growth rates following EAB-induced ash mortality (Flower et al 2013a). Large scale loss of ash has the potential to impact regional carbon storage by reducing net primary productivity within high ash density forests (Flower et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating short term simulations of a forest stand invaded by emerald ash borer

Levin-Nielsen¹,

Rieske²

2015

iForest

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Citation: Levin-Nielsen A, Rieske LK, 2015. Evaluating short term simulations of a forest stand invaded by emerald ash borer. iForest 8: 19-24 [online 2014-05-26 The invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis -EAB) is causing rapid and widespread ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in eastern North America, has established populations near Moscow, Russia, and is threatening ash resources in Europe. Given the prevalence of susceptible hosts these post-invasion forests will clearly differ from their pre-invasion counterparts. Understanding these changes is key to mitigating the impacts of invasion and developing sound management strategies. We evaluated short term changes in a forest stand invaded by EAB, and examined if the southern variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) could accurately predict those changes. Through simulation, managers can gain a clearer understanding of how pest invasions impact and alter future forest dynamics. However, many simulators are designed to achieve long-term predictions and thus do not align with the short term changes associated with rapid EAB-induced ash mortality. Woody vegetation was surveyed in 2010 and used to project impacts of EAB invasion into 2012 by simulating a 50% ash mortality rate. The same plots were then re-surveyed in 2012, allowing us to evaluate: (1) changes in actual forest composition and structure; and (2) simulation accuracy. Within our forest stand, FVS accurately estimated short term changes in stem density and basal area parameters, thus demonstrating its value as a short-term simulator for EAB-induced changes within the southern region of the United States. EAB-induced ash mortality is quickly changing these forests and will ultimately alter how stakeholders manage their lands. We discuss the potential usefulness of FVS as a tool for aiding management decisions in response to EAB invasion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating short term simulations of a forest stand invaded by emerald ash borer

Levin-Nielsen¹,

Rieske²

2015

iForest

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“…There are multiple indicators of EAB damage including development of basal or epicormics sprouts, woodpecker holes, and EAB exit holes, although EAB exit holes are usually the last indicator to be seen on the tree trunk [10]. The damage EAB create usually starts in the upper canopy, and research has shown that ash canopy health is highly indicative of the amount of EAB damage done [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composition of Oak Openings Preserve Metropark floodplain includes sections that are considered silver maple-elm-cottonwood forest and maple-ash-elm forest [21]. Multiple studies have included this ash population in investigations related to EAB [4,14,18,19]. EAB is still present in the floodplain which contains a remnant cohort of lingering green ash within other smaller size classes of green ash that may not have been infested when the initial infestation occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighboring Tree Effects and Soil Nutrient Associations with Surviving Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) in an Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Infested Floodplain Forest

Kappler

Knight

Koch

et al. 2018

Forests

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Few ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) have survived the initial devastation that emerald ash borer beetle (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis) has caused in natural populations. We studied green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) trees in a floodplain population after >90% of ash had died from EAB infestation. We examined the relationship among the canopy health classes of surviving ash trees and their nearest neighboring trees (within 6 m) and available soil nutrients. A subset of focal ash trees was randomly selected within health classes ranging from healthy to recently deceased. Focal trees with the healthiest canopy class had significantly fewer ash neighbors compared to declining health classes. Other species of tree neighbors did not have a significant impact on surviving ash tree canopy health. Nutrients in soils immediately surrounding focal trees were compared among health classes. Samples from treeless areas were also used for comparison. There was a significantly greater amount of sulfur (ppm) and phosphorus (mg/kg) in ash tree soil compared to treeless area soil. The relationships between these soil nutrient differences may be from nutrient effects on trees, tree effects on nutrients, or microsite variation in flooded areas. Our data do not directly assess whether these ash trees with healthier canopies have increased resistance to EAB but do indicate that at neighborhood scales in EAB aftermath forests, the surviving ash trees have healthier canopies when separated at least 6 m from other ash trees. This research highlights scale-dependent neighborhood composition drivers of tree susceptibility to pests and suggests that drivers during initial infestation differ from drivers in aftermath forests.

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Adventive (Non‐Native) Insects and the Consequences for Science and Society of Species that Become Invasive

Wheeler

Hoebeke

2017

Insect Biodiversity

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Impacts of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) induced ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality on forest carbon cycling and successional dynamics in the eastern United States

Cited by 134 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluating short term simulations of a forest stand invaded by emerald ash borer

Evaluating short term simulations of a forest stand invaded by emerald ash borer

Neighboring Tree Effects and Soil Nutrient Associations with Surviving Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) in an Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Infested Floodplain Forest

Adventive (Non‐Native) Insects and the Consequences for Science and Society of Species that Become Invasive

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