Impacts of the biocide chlorothalonil on biomarkers of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and sperm quality in guppy Poecilia vivipara

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Adsorption, degradation and leaching migration characteristics of chlorothalonil in different soils

“…Mustachio (Mozzachio et al, 2008) found that chlorothalonil was associated with carcinogenicity due to its toxicity. Lopes (Lopes et al, 2020) found that chlorothalonil can be considered as a toxic compound for fish, causing genotoxicity and affecting the RBCs physiology and the fertility of males of P. vivipara. Therefore, the harm of chlorothalonil had drawn more and more attention (Que & Zainal, 2010).…”

“…Therefore, the harm of chlorothalonil had drawn more and more attention (Que & Zainal, 2010). H. T. Li et al (2020) demonstrated that carbendazim (CBZ) and chlorothalonil (Chl) together synergize to decrease sperm motility in vitro (CBZ 1.0 + Chl 0.1, CBZ 10.0 + CHl 1.0, CBZ 100.0 + Chl 10 μM in incubation medium for 24 h) and sperm concentration and motility in vivo with ICR mice (CBZ 0.1 + Chl 0.1, CBZ 1.0 + CHl 1.0, CBZ 10.0 + Chl 10 mg/kg body weight; oral gavage for five weeks). Therefore, greater attention should be paid to the use of chlorothalonil as pesticides and residue in soil to minimise their adverse impacts on spermatogenesis.…”

Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of the Antifouling Biocide Chlorothalonil on the Estuarine Fish Micropogonias Furnieri, Desmarest, 1823

“…These effects may be associated to an increase in oxidative stress -increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) -and/or to a decrease in the antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione (Pompella et al 2003;Gagné 2014;Bacchetta et al 2017;García-Medina et al 2017). A mutagenic effect of CHLT was also shown for the guppy Poecilia vivipara (Lopes et al 2019) when exposed to 1 and 10 µg L -1 of CHTL concentration. Micronuclei, as well as all other anomalies, have a similar origin, such as failure in cell repair, DNA replication damaged, improperly condensed chromatin, chromosome fragments without telomeres, and nucleus centromeres (Lindberg et al 2007).…”

“…It is known that GSH is an important protein in the cellular defense, being able to act also against toxic xenobiotics such as drugs, pollutants, and carcinogens compounds. It is important to note that exposure to CHLT also causes an increase in enzyme gluthatione stransferase (GST) activity in sh (Davies 1985;Lopes et al 2019) reducing GSH availability, and decreasing its protective role in the cell's antioxidant defense, especially, in ROS neutralization.…”

Histological and Behavioral Toxicity of Tributyltin in the Tropical Guppy Poecilia vivipara

“…The guppy Poecilia vivipara is widely distributed in South America, from Venezuela to Uruguay, and all along the Brazilian coast (Berbel‐Filho et al 2018). At juvenile and adult stages, P. vivipara has become an important ecotoxicological model used to study molecular effects of sewage (Piazza et al 2019), biochemical effects of the antifouling fungicide chlorothalonil (Lopes et al 2020), and phenanthrene bioconcentration and behavioral toxicity (Torreiro‐Melo et al 2015). However, there are no ecotoxicological studies focused on the effects of organotins on early life stages of P. vivipara .…”