Impacts of Rotation-Fallow Practices on Bacterial Community Structure in Paddy Fields

Abstract

Soil nutrients and microbial community play a central role in determining crop productivity. Therefore, elucidating the microbial mechanisms associated with different cropping systems is indispensable for understanding the sustainability of agroecosystem.

The After-Effect of Organic Fertilizer Varies among Climate Conditions in China: A Meta-Analysis

“…This may be because a large amount of organic carbon is added to the soil by organic fertilizers in a short period, and the fixation and utilization of soil organic carbon are extremely dependent on microbial physiological and biochemical reactions. In soils lacking microbial communities that support organic carbon fixation, organic carbon is prone to loss [41,42]. Furthermore, increased temperature boosts microbial activity, with 75% of the excess organic carbon added in the short term being used to provide energy for soil microbes instead of being fixed in the soil [43].…”

“…Compared with traditional organic fertilizers, liquid organic fertilizers have a more balanced ratio of small organic molecules, such as amino acids and polysaccharides. The balance improves microbial activity and soil enzyme activity levels, accelerates microbial amino acid and protein synthesis, and shortens the soil organic carbon improvement cycle [42]. Moreover, liquid organic fertilizers facilitate the distribution of nutrients in the cultivation soil, leading to improved crop yield and nutrient utilization efficiency [82].…”

Decreasing Soil Organic Carbon in Maize Cultivated Soil in Lowland Northern Thailand: Evidenced by the Interactions between Nutrients and Dissolved Organic Carbon

“…Soil management in dry tropical regions can significantly conserve resources by sequestering carbon and utilising inorganic N pools [2,39]. Moreover, the cropping system influences fertilisation-induced changes in soil carbon chemistry, with paddy soil being primarily determined by NO3-N and total N [40]., whereas upland soil is mostly explained by SOC and alkyl-C [29]. The higher concentrations of NH4 + in paddy soils likely reflect lower nitrification potential, while higher denitrification rates in paddy soils were indicative of higher NO3 − [29,41].…”

The Nitrogen Cycling Key Functional Genes and Related Microbial Bacterial Community α−Diversity Is Determined by Crop Rotation Plans in the Loess Plateau

“…The corn-legume-wheat rotation, for example, can increase soil particulate organic nitrogen and mineralized nitrogen [20], while rice-rape rotation can increase soil particulate organic nitrogen and microbial nitrogen [21]. Additionally, crop rotation can improve soil structure, the living environment for microorganisms, and increase microbial diversity [22]. Additionally, long-term crop rotation can increase crop diversity, and the input of diversified crop residues and litter can result in changes to the substrate available to soil microbes, leading to an increase in microbial α−diversity [23][24][25].…”

“…However, soil nitrogen fractions, as important factors reflecting soil productivity and nitrogen status [32], can also affect changes in nitrogen cycling functional genes [4,33], but there are few studies in this direction. In crop rotation plan, different crops have varied litter properties that can impact soil nutrient content [22]. Legumes, for instance, release nutrient-rich, juicy, and protein-and sugar-rich residues, which result in faster nutrient release than the more stable organic matter derived from the fibrous plant residues of crops such as corn and cereals [34].…”