Impacts of returns policy under supplier encroachment with risk-averse retailer

Li, Bo; Jiang, Yushan

doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.011

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Ke et al [21] investigated the impacts of the risk sensitivity on the performances of the closed-loop supply chain members are given by the comparison of different degrees of the retailer's risk aversion, and numerical studies found that only the manufacturer makes more profit while the retailer is more risk sensitivity. Li and Jiang [22] investigated the effect of consumer returns and retailer's risk aversion on the behavior of supply chain members under supplier encroachment.…”

Section: E Impact Of Risk Aversion Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pricing and Carbon Emission Reduction Decisions in a Supply Chain with a Risk-Averse Retailer under Carbon Tax Regulation

Yan-gang

Shen

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Carbon tax is an emission regulation, which widely used to curb the carbon emissions generated from firms. In the context of carbon tax policy, firms need to determine an optimal carbon reduction level and optimal product prices. To address firms’ decision-making challenges, this paper considers a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer under carbon tax policy; it establishes a Stackelberg game model with a risk-averse retailer and a risk-neutral manufacturer who is the leader of the game. The paper studies the influence of the government’s carbon tax policy and retailer’s risk-averse attitude on the optimal decision of the supply chain. The result shows that when the retailer is risk aversion, the degree of risk aversion of the retailer is positively correlated with the wholesale price of the manufacturer and unit carbon emission reduction, and within a certain range of carbon emission reduction cost coefficient, it is positively correlated with the price of products; with the increase of the carbon tax rate imposed by the government, the retail price of unit products, the wholesale price of the manufacturer, and the carbon emission reduction of unit products also increase. Finally, the results are verified by numerical examples.

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Section: E Impact Of Risk Aversion Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pricing and Carbon Emission Reduction Decisions in a Supply Chain with a Risk-Averse Retailer under Carbon Tax Regulation

Yan-gang

Shen

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…The majority of product return literature in B2C (Business-to-Customer) relationships focuses on refund policy. These studies have examined the effect of a refund contract (e.g., no-refund, partial-refund, full-refund policy) on pricing strategy, order decision, performance, and coordination contract by considering different factors [7][8][9][10][11]. The trend of the refund policy is directed from partial refund to full refund.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then we can determine the demands of each channel and the profits of each party by substituting Equation (10) into Equations (3), (6) and (7). To ensure the non-negative nature of p T g T , and w T we have a > c×r 2 and n > β 2 .…”

Section: Traditional Return Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Channel Return Policy in a Green Dual-Channel Supply Chain Considering Spillover Effect

Zhang

Xia

2020

Sustainability

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With the advent of the era of “New Retail”, many manufacturers and retailers have begun to provide cross-channel return services to increase competitiveness. Our study takes return policy into a green dual-channel supply chain, wherein a manufacturer creates and sells green products simultaneously. We investigate the pricing and greening strategies for the supply chain players in the cases of providing and not providing cross-channel return service by employing the Stackelberg model under the hypothesis of a consistent pricing strategy. By comparing the equilibrium results of two cases, we find that the retailer will cooperate with the manufacturer to employ the cross-channel return policy when the spillover effect is greater than a threshold. Additionally, the green level of products is higher than before. The threshold decreases with consumers’ sensitivity to green products, which implies that the manufacturer is motivated to conduct marketing programs to enhance consumers’ willingness to buy green products. Moreover, we propose a contract to coordinate the supply chain. Finally, we discuss the scenarios if the supply chain implements a differential pricing strategy. Interestingly, the green level and the profits of the whole supply chain are greater than that under a consistent pricing strategy. However, the profits of the retailer are lower than profits in the other scenario, which is not beneficial to creating a stable green supply chain.

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“…Zhuo et al [34] used the MV model to find that option contracts are unable to coordinate the SC while considering risk attitude and analyzed the equilibrium solution of the risk aversion threshold as public or private information. Li and Jiang [35] considered coordination and market competition with risk-neutral suppliers and risk-averse retailers.…”

Section: Risk Aversion Behavior In the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manufacturers have different risk aversion levels because of various factors; the larger λ i is, the more conservative the manufacturer will be. The utility of risk-averse manufacturers can be evaluated by the MV method [35,[48][49][50], that is,…”

Section: Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Decisions for Two Risk-Averse Competitive Manufacturers under the Cap-and-Trade Policy and Uncertain Demand

Sun

Yang

Zhong

2020

IJERPH

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With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent task for all countries. The cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has gained international recognition and has been adopted by several countries. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of market demand, we discuss the carbon emission reduction and price policies of two risk-averse competitive manufacturers under the C&T policy. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: simultaneous decision making and sequential decision making. Two models were constructed for these behaviors. The optimal decisions, carbon emission reduction rate, and price were obtained from these two models. Furthermore, in this paper the effects of some key parameters on the optimal decision are discussed, and some managerial insights are obtained. The results show that the lower the manufacturers’ risk aversion level is, the higher their carbon emission reduction rate and utilities. As the carbon quota increases, the manufacturers’ optimal carbon reduction rate and utilities increase. Considering consumers’ environmental awareness, it is more beneficial for the government to reduce the carbon quota and motivate manufacturers’ internal enthusiasm for emission reduction. The government can, through macro control of the market, make carbon trading prices increase appropriately and encourage manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions.

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Impacts of returns policy under supplier encroachment with risk-averse retailer

Cited by 53 publications

References 58 publications

Pricing and Carbon Emission Reduction Decisions in a Supply Chain with a Risk-Averse Retailer under Carbon Tax Regulation

Pricing and Carbon Emission Reduction Decisions in a Supply Chain with a Risk-Averse Retailer under Carbon Tax Regulation

A Cross-Channel Return Policy in a Green Dual-Channel Supply Chain Considering Spillover Effect

Optimal Decisions for Two Risk-Averse Competitive Manufacturers under the Cap-and-Trade Policy and Uncertain Demand

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