Impacts of Protected Areas on Income Inequality: Evidence from the Giant Panda Biosphere Reserves in Sichuan
Province, China

Duan, Wei; Hogarth, Nicholas J.; Shen, Jinyu

doi:10.1561/112.00000524

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The main source of wage income comes from the non-agricultural sector. Transfer income mainly refers to government subsidies and the value of social or private donations received by families [ 62 , 63 ]. With the expansion of off-farm employment in rural households, off-farm earnings became the primary source of household income around PAs, which is similar to other areas in China [ 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Effects of Skill Training on Rural Livelihoods around Four Biosphere Reserves in China

Sun

Bai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The growing contradiction between protection and livelihood is a common challenge for most protected areas in developing countries. Skill training is an important way to increase household income and alleviate the dilemma between conservation and development. However, its effects on household income around protected areas have rarely been explored. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of skill training on the income of households around four Biosphere Reserves in China and explore its mechanism. Based on the information collected from 381 households through face-to-face interviews, this study adopted descriptive analysis and multiple regression to yield consistent results. The results showed that agricultural and off-farm skill training had no impact on the total household income. The results from the mechanism analysis found that participation in off-farm skill training had a significant and positive effect on the total income of the households outside protected areas and participation in agricultural training had a positive effect on agricultural income. The findings indicate that the local government and protected area administration should increase the publicity for skill training, enrich the types training, appropriately supply livelihood support projects that reconcile conservation and development, and strengthen the infrastructure development around protected areas to promote off-farm employment and the circulation and sale of agricultural products. However, the impacts of any associated intensification should be carefully monitored.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the households participated in off-farm training, they had little chance to obtain off-farm earnings, such as earning wages in off-farm sectors or running businesses. This further demonstrates the challenge in addressing income inequality among households within and outside PAs [ 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heterogeneous Effects of Skill Training on Rural Livelihoods around Four Biosphere Reserves in China

Sun

Bai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Natural capital puts pressure on human capital and reduces the speed of ED [139]. Lai et al [131] concluded that ED suffers negative effects from environmental protection, and Duan et al [149] assumed that protected environmental areas have a negative effect on income and increase inequality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key to Sustainable Economic Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach

2022

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Concerns about improving social, environmental, and economic living standards are the basis of the triple bottom line (TBL) link to economic development (ED). Aware of the importance of studying their relationship, this article analysed the influence of TBL on ED. A quantitative methodology was used. The sample comprised a panel of data from 2006 to 2019 for OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. Five multiple linear regression models were estimated by the generalised method of moments. The results of this study revealed that the social dimension of TBL boosts ED, the environmental dimension of TBL slows down ED, and the economic dimension of TBL contains conflicting synergies in ED. The Human Development Index (HDI) should now include indicators of environmental wellbeing. Governments should adopt policies to improve social wellbeing to boost ED, work to coordinate the objectives of environmental protection and ED, and combat vulnerabilities arising from public debt. As one of the first studies to assess the influence of TBL on ED at the country level, the present findings contribute to the reflection about the influence of TBL on a country’s ED and strengthens the discussion around the influence of different dimensions of TBL.

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Impacts of Social Trust on Rural Households’ Attitudes Towards Ecological Conservation—Example of the Giant Panda Nature Reserves in China

Duan

Jiang

et al. 2022

Forests

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Understanding rural households’ conservation attitudes is crucial to achieving biodiversity conservation effectiveness, and one underlying predictor of household conservation attitudes is social trust. This study examined the impact of rural households’ social trust on their ecological protection attitudes based on 922 rural household data around 13 giant panda nature reserves in Shaanxi Province and Sichuan Province, China. The results show that: (1) Social trust has a significant positive impact on rural households’ conservation attitudes. (2) Males’ ecological conservation attitudes are influenced by all the social trust variables, whereas females’ attitudes are influenced mainly by interpersonal trust (trust in neighbors and villagers). The conservation attitudes of households with higher education levels and higher family incomes are mainly affected by trust in government, while those with lower education levels and lower family incomes are more significantly affected by the trust in villagers and village cadres. The above conclusions are helpful to understand the influencing mechanism of rural households’ conservation attitudes and improve the protection effects of nature reserves.

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Impacts of Protected Areas on Income Inequality: Evidence from the Giant Panda Biosphere Reserves in Sichuan Province, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Heterogeneous Effects of Skill Training on Rural Livelihoods around Four Biosphere Reserves in China

Heterogeneous Effects of Skill Training on Rural Livelihoods around Four Biosphere Reserves in China

The Key to Sustainable Economic Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach

Impacts of Social Trust on Rural Households’ Attitudes Towards Ecological Conservation—Example of the Giant Panda Nature Reserves in China

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