Impacts of Pro-Grow® on Growth Performance, Physiological, Immune Responses and Economic Efficiency of Adult Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) under Stocking Density Stress

Abstract

Background and Objective: Fish intensification had led to the outbreaks of stress effects and inflicting major problems in the fish farming industry. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Pro-Grow® contrary to the stocking density stress (SD) on adult Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus ) for 15 weeks. Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of graded levels of Pro-Grow® (0, 10 and 20 g kgG 1 diet) against SD (40 and 80 fish mG 3 ) stress on water quality parameters, growth performance, physiological, immune responses, besides the economic efficiency parameters of adult O. niloticus. Data was analyzed using SAS. Results: The results revealed that increasing SD (80 fish mG 3 ) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the water dissolved oxygen, while water NH 3 -N was significantly increased. Also, high SD had drastically effects on all growth and feed efficiency parameters, body composition (ash and crude protein), hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells) and the economic efficiency compared to O. niloticus reared at low SD (40 fish mG 3 ). No significant (p>0.05) effects of all tested immune responses parameters of fish reared at both SDs rates. However, addition of 10 and 20 g Pro-Grow® kgG 1 diet alleviated the severely effects of both SDs stress 40 and 80 fish mG 3 , respectively on all above tested parameters. Conclusion: Thus, it could be concluded that the Pro-Grow® probiotic was successfully using at these levels into O. niloticus intensive production systems. Regarding its predicted high fish production, improving physiological responses, besides the high economic efficiency or the environmental friendly effects.

Effect of different levels of Aqua-Max Plus® on growth performance, feed efficiency and physiological responses of the mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758)

“…Improving growth performance may be attributed to containing Aqua-Max Plus ® on some growth promoters such as sodium butyrate, zinc, and probiotics. Many studies displayed the benefits of these supplements as growth-promoting factors and feed value, enzymatic contribution to digestion, and increase immune response (Wang, 2007;Mehrim, 2009;De Schryver et al, 2010;Mehrim et al, 2017). In addition, these additives stimulate the appetite of fish, which is reflected in increased food intake.…”

“…Similarly, Mehrim (2009) concluded that the inclusion of the commercial probiotic Biogen ® is useful to get the best fish performance with friendly effects on the environment. In addition, Shelby et al (2006) and Mehrim et al (2017) displayed that the probiotic used with juvenile Nile tilapia diet had an effect on specific growth-promoting or immune stimulating aspects. In contrast, Silva et al (2015) found that growth and feed conversion of juvenile tilapia were not significantly influenced by probiotics.…”

“…The use of a multienzymes diet supplement results in enhanced fish performance improved nutrient utilization and reduced in fecal phosphorus excretion. Several studies have exhibited promising results of the use of probiotics in fish productive performance (Wang, 2007;Mehrim et al, 2017), which enables that probiotics to substitute the antibiotics as growth promoters. Previous researches also used dietary acidifiers as growth promoters, multi-nutritional functions and immune enhancers agents for many fish species (De Schryver et al, 2010;Rimoldi et al, 2016;Wassef et al, 2017).…”

Comparison Between Blood Haematology of Egyptian Freshwater Food Fish and Ornamental Fish

“…It is concluded that addition of fenugreek in fish feed can improve protein content of the fish meat [62]. Increasing the stocking density of fish significantly decreased body composition (crude protein an ash) [63].…”

Whey protein concentrate powder as a growth promoter and an immunostimulant agent for Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings

“…Thus, the purpose of the use of feed additives in aquaculture is to increase efficiency, quality, and profits (Ebru & Cengiz, 2016). In this regard, a lot of attention in this field has been given to the use of different types of feed additives for fish, such as probiotics (Mehrim, 2009Mehrim et al, 2015Mehrim et al, , 2017Mehrim et al, , 2019a. Prebiotics were also used as feed additives (Mazurkiewicz et al, 2008;Mehrim et al, 2013).…”