Impacts of polystyrene nanoplastics at the environmentally relevant and sub-lethal concentrations on the oxidative stress, immune responses, and gut microbiota to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Surface-Charge-Driven Ferroptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Involved in Toxicity Diversity in the Marine Bivalve Exposed to Nanoplastics

“…Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of LPO, 7,32 were considerably higher in clams treated with p-NPs or the high dose of n-NPs than in the control (Figure 1j). These findings are consistent with previous research, 7,33 indicating that NPs, especially p-NPs, can lead to an overproduction of ROS, which then interacts with lipids, triggering a series of reactions that result in LPO in bivalves.…”

“…The sharply upregulated immune-related genes indicate that multiple immune response pathways in immune cells of R. philippinarum were activated under n-NP stress. 25,33 This is consistent with the findings at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels (Figures 2e and 4d). Collectively, these findings confirm that p-NPs induced ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas n-NPs stimulated innate immune responses of the clams.…”

“…The ciliary structure was visibly disrupted, resulting in the loss of contact between gill filaments and the influx of inflammatory cells (Figure 1l and Figure S2g), mirroring past findings on NP toxicity in bivalves. 7,23,33 Collectively, the data suggest that NPs, predominantly p-NPs, might hinder toxin removal, cause mitochondrial issues, and disrupt ATP formation, causing tissue harm. This "domino effect" ultimately leads to tissue damage in a surface-charge-dependent manner.…”

Distinct effects of nano-polystyrene, erythromycin, and their mixtures on the composition and metabolic profile of intestinal microbiota in Nereis succinea

“…It was recently reported that PS (80 nm) could significantly alter the intestinal microbial composition in grass carp at concentrations as low as 300 ng L −1 . 28 This result, together with the present findings, suggested that the intestinal microbiota in aquatic species are highly sensitive to PS NPs. Furthermore, our results showed that the erythromycin and PS NPs showed different patterns of influence on beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of N. succinea.…”

“…It was recently reported that PS (80 nm) could significantly alter the intestinal microbial composition in grass carp at concentrations as low as 300 ng L −1 . 28 This result, together with the present findings, suggested that the intestinal microbiota in aquatic species are highly sensitive to PS NPs.…”