Impacts of Plant Symbiotic Fungi on Insect Herbivores: Mutualism in a Multitrophic Context

Hartley, Susan; Gange, Alan C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090614

Cited by 401 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…As symbiotic fungi, most of them do not kill their host at the early stage, even are beneficial to their hosts (Hartley and Gange, 2009). This is very different from entomopathogenic fungi, such as B. bassiana.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the nature, many insects develop symbiotic relationships with ophiostomatoid blue stain fungi (Dori-Bachash et al, 2015;Lu et al, 2016;Repe et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2014). As symbiotic fungi, most of them do not kill their hosts, rather are beneficial to them (Hartley and Gange, 2009) which is very different from entomopathogenic fungi. With the symbiotic interactions concerned, the molecular mechanism of insects permitting ectotrophic fungi to coexist on their body surfaces needs to be clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symbiotic relationships between insects and microorganisms include endotrophic and ectotrophic symbiosis (Hartley and Gange, 2009). Compared to endotrophic symbiosis, the ectotrophic symbiosis is more common because of a wider range of suitable external environments and unlike the endosymbiosis, the fungi does not have to deal with the host's internal immune defense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Zhang

Meng

Ning

et al. 2017

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Monochamus alternatus, the main vector beetles of invasive pinewood nematode, has established a symbiotic relationship with a native ectotrophic fungal symbiont, Sporothrix sp. 1, in China. The immune response of M. alternatus to S. sp. 1 in the coexistence of beetles and fungi is, however, unknown. Here, we report that immune responses of M. alternatus pupae to infection caused by ectotrophic symbiotic fungus S. sp. 1 and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana differ significantly. The S. sp. 1 did not kill the beetles while B. bassiana killed all upon injection. The transcriptome results showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes in M. alternatus infected with S. sp. 1 were 2-fold less than those infected with B. bassiana at 48 hours post infection. It was noticed that Toll and IMD pathways played a leading role in the beetle's immune system when infected by symbiotic fungus, but upon infection by entomopathogenic fungus, only the Toll pathway gets triggered actively. Furthermore, the beetles could tolerate the infection of symbiotic fungi by retracing their Toll and IMD pathways at 48 h. This study provided a comprehensive sequence resource of M. alternatus transcriptome for further study of the immune interactions between host and associated fungi.Monochamus alternatus, symbiotic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, RNA-seq, immune signaling pathway Citation:Zhang, W., Meng, J., Ning, J., Qin, P., Zhou, J., Zou, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, H., Ahmad, F., Zhao, L., and Sun, J. (2017). Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi. Sci China Life Sci 60, 902-910.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Zhang

Meng

Ning

et al. 2017

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…Some endophytic bacteria might actually elicit plant defence although they are not spatially separated from the pathogen [46]. Endophytes may also augment the defence against herbivores and insects [47,48]. There are cascades of physiological steps in signal transduction that lead to induced resistance to plants.…”

Section: Biocontrol Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Endophytes in Agriculture: A Minireview

Yadav¹

2017

APAR

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“…49 insect herbivory (Breen 1994;Hartley & Gange 2009) rather than as simply transitively "non-pathogenic. "…”

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confidence: 99%

Foliar microbiome transplants confer disease resistance in a critically-endangered plant

Zahn

Amend

2017

Preprint

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There has been very little effort to incorporate foliar microbiomes into plant conservation efforts even though foliar endophytes are critically important to the fitness and function of hosts. Many critically endangered plants that have been extirpated from the wild are dependent on regular fungicidal applications in greenhouses that cannot be maintained for remote out-planted populations, which quickly perish. These fungicides negatively impact potentially beneficial fungal symbionts, which may reduce plant defenses to pathogens once fungicide treatments are stopped. We conducted experiments to test total foliar microbiome transplants from healthy wild relatives onto fungicide-dependent endangered plants in an attempt to mitigate disease and reduce dependency on fungicides. Plants were treated with total microbiome transplants or cultured subsets of this community and monitored for disease severity. High-throuhgput DNA screening of fungal ITS1 rDNA was used to track the leaf-associated fungal communities and evaluate the effectiveness of transplantation methods. Individuals receiving traditionally isolated fungal treatments showed no improvement, but those receiving applications of a simple leaf slurry containing an uncultured fungal community showed significant disease reduction, to which we partially attribute an increase in the mycoparasitic Pseudozyma aphidis. These results were replicated in two independent experimental rounds. 14There has been very little effort to incorporate foliar microbiomes into plant conservation efforts even 15 though foliar endophytes are critically important to the fitness and function of hosts. Many critically 16 endangered plants that have been extirpated from the wild are dependent on regular fungicidal applications in 17 greenhouses that cannot be maintained for remote out-planted populations, which quickly perish. These 18 fungicides negatively impact potentially beneficial fungal symbionts, which may reduce plant defenses to 19 pathogens once fungicide treatments are stopped. We conducted experiments to test total foliar microbiome 20 transplants from healthy wild relatives onto fungicide-dependent endangered plants in an attempt to mitigate 21 disease and reduce dependency on fungicides. Plants were treated with total microbiome transplants or 22 cultured subsets of this community and monitored for disease severity. High-throuhgput DNA screening of 23 fungal ITS1 rDNA was used to track the leaf-associated fungal communities and evaluate the effectiveness of 24 transplantation methods. Individuals receiving traditionally isolated fungal treatments showed no 25 improvement, but those receiving applications of a simple leaf slurry containing an uncultured fungal 26 community showed significant disease reduction, to which we partially attribute an increase in the 27 mycoparasitic Pseudozyma aphidis. These results were replicated in two independent experimental rounds.28 Treated plants have since been moved to a native habitat and, as of this writing, remain disease-free. Our ...

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Impacts of Plant Symbiotic Fungi on Insect Herbivores: Mutualism in a Multitrophic Context

Cited by 401 publications

References 128 publications

Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Exploring the Potential of Endophytes in Agriculture: A Minireview

Foliar microbiome transplants confer disease resistance in a critically-endangered plant

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