Impacts of photovoltaics on low voltage networks: a case study for the north west of England

Navarro, A.; Ochoa, Luis F.; Mancarella, Pierluigi; Randles, Dan

doi:10.1049/cp.2013.1229

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It uses a two-state active-occupancy model that feeds into determining stochastic switch-on events for individual lighting and domestic appliances. The published model has been used widely within academia and industry for electricity network modelling [9][10][11]. It does not, however, include any detailed representation of thermal demands and, therefore, cannot yet be used to properly investigate the effects of the electrification of heating or CHP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-state domestic building occupancy model for energy demand simulations

McKenna

Krawczynski

Thomson

2015

Energy and Buildings

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a b s t r a c tStochastic building occupancy models are increasingly used to underpin building energy demand models, especially those providing high-resolution electricity demand profiles. This paper describes the development of an established two-state active-occupancy model into a four-state model in which the absent/present state and the active/inactive state are treated separately. This provides a distinction between sleeping and absence and so offers an improved basis for demand modelling, particularly high-resolution thermal modelling. The model uses a first-order Markov chain technique and the paper illustrates the value of this approach in duly representing the naturally occurring correlation of occupancy states in multiply occupied dwellings. The paper also describes how the model has been enhanced to avoid under-representation of dwellings with 24 h occupancy. The model has been implemented in Excel VBA and made available to download for free. The model is constructed from and verified against UK time-use survey data but could readily be adapted to use similar data from elsewhere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-state domestic building occupancy model for energy demand simulations

McKenna

Krawczynski

Thomson

2015

Energy and Buildings

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“…Aligned with the UK requirements [3], it will be considered 0.95, 0.975 (both absorbing var) and unity power factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, to evaluate a representative sample of all possible scenarios a Monte Carlo approach will be adopted [2]- [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the actual voltage magnitude (i.e., off load tap settings) becomes an important parameter that can significantly affect the hosting capacity [3].…”

Section: A Modeling Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these problems is the voltage rise given that in the UK high PV generation is coincident with, typically, low levels of demand. Indeed, voltage rise can significantly limit the hosting capacity of LV networks [2]- [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the benefits of PV var absorption on the hosting capacity of LV feeders

Ballanti

Pilo

Navarro-Espinosa

et al. 2013

IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2013

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Abstract-The UK has reached, thanks to the Feed-In-Tariff scheme, an installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity of almost 1.5GW mostly connected to low voltage (LV) networks. Voltage rise issues have started to appear particularly in clusters of PV systems. Thus, in order to defer potential network reinforcements, Distribution Network Operators have to consider alternative solutions that can cost-effectively allow hosting the ongoing and future uptake of PV systems. Adopting a thorough Monte Carlo-based analysis, this work evaluates the potential benefits from using the power factor capabilities of PV systems connected to LV feeders. The results, based on a real UK suburban LV feeder, show that for a given penetration level, the number of customers affected by voltage issues at a given penetration level can be significantly reduced when adopting PV reactive power absorption. However, this strategy had a limited effect on the reduction of the overall voltage rise issue.Index Terms--Low voltage networks, small scale PV, Monte Carlo, reactive power absorption.

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