Impacts of Perinatal Induced Photothrombotic Stroke on Sensorimotor Performance in Adult Rats

Brima, Tufikameni; Mikulecká, Anna; Otáhal, Jakub

doi:10.33549/physiolres.932447

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Severe reduction in cerebral blood flow and gray and white matter injury with 7.1–12.3% infarction volume of ipsilateral hemisphere occurred in this model ( 220 ). This has also been applied in 7-day old-rats causing direct injury to the sensorimotor cortex ( 221 ). As laser exposure duration increased, so did severity and size of the injury and the deficit in motor performance ( 221 ).…”

Section: Critical Examination Of Animal Models In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has also been applied in 7-day old-rats causing direct injury to the sensorimotor cortex ( 221 ). As laser exposure duration increased, so did severity and size of the injury and the deficit in motor performance ( 221 ). Thus, infarction volume can be controlled according to the exposure time.…”

Section: Critical Examination Of Animal Models In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, infarction volume can be controlled according to the exposure time. In addition it is a non-invasive method with low mortality rate ( 220 , 221 ). However, the pathogenesis of this focal ischemic infarction is of debatable relevance to human neonatal stroke.…”

Section: Critical Examination Of Animal Models In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the Best Animal Models for Testing Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy?

2014

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Interventions to treat cerebral palsy should be initiated as soon as possible in order to restore the nervous system to the correct developmental trajectory. One drawback to this approach is that interventions have to undergo exceptionally rigorous assessment for both safety and efficacy prior to use in infants. Part of this process should involve research using animals but how good are our animal models? Part of the problem is that cerebral palsy is an umbrella term that covers a number of conditions. There are also many causal pathways to cerebral palsy, such as periventricular white matter injury in premature babies, perinatal infarcts of the middle cerebral artery, or generalized anoxia at the time of birth, indeed multiple causes, including intra-uterine infection or a genetic predisposition to infarction, may need to interact to produce a clinically significant injury. In this review, we consider which animal models best reproduce certain aspects of the condition, and the extent to which the multifactorial nature of cerebral palsy has been modeled. The degree to which the corticospinal system of various animal models human corticospinal system function and development is also explored. Where attempts have already been made to test early intervention in animal models, the outcomes are evaluated in light of the suitability of the model.

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Section: Critical Examination Of Animal Models In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Examination Of Animal Models In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the Best Animal Models for Testing Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy?

2014

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“…Photothrombosis is a well‐established method for the production of a focal ischemic insult in animals, with the majority of studies using adult animals . Although a few studies have used immature animals, the current study is the first to: (i) produce and evaluate a range of severities of ischemic lesions in neonates including small mini and minor strokes; and (ii) to compare the MRI and histological changes with those produced in adults. The results demonstrate that, depending on the maturity of the brain, there are dissimilarities detectable with MRI with regard to the ischemic injury produced by photothrombosis, with differences being most prominent in the peri‐infarct region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maturity of the brain affects its susceptibility to ischemic injury, related to the substantial ontogenic changes occurring in the brain, including decreases in water content and increases in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow . Although a few laboratories have used photothrombosis in immature animals, relatively large ischemic lesions have been produced throughout the cortex and only one study in neonates has used T 2 imaging, and this was at a time point of 6 days post‐insult . We hypothesized that minor stroke and mild ischemic changes could also be produced in immature brain using our modified photothrombosis method, but that responses might differ in neonates compared with adults, in both the ischemic injury produced and the detection of ischemic changes with MRI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of ischemic injury produced by varying severities of photothrombosis differs in neonatal and adult brain

et al. 2016

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Stroke is a major cause of disability in adults and children. Recently, we have developed an adult rat model of minor stroke containing a peri-infarct region with a modest T increase and mild ischemic damage. We hypothesized that a neonatal minor stroke with mild peri-ischemic changes could also be produced, but with potential ontogenic differences. Using our minor photothrombosis method, we produced a range of severities of ischemic lesions (mini, minor, moderate and severe) within magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices of adult and neonatal rats. In both age groups, the lesion region showed a marked increase in T and diffusion-weighted intensity and decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), corresponding to a cortical infarct detected using fluorojade and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Perilesional regions showed modest increases in T and ADC in adults, but not neonates, and this corresponded to scattered cell death, but not necessarily extravasation of plasma protein, i.e. blood-brain barrier disruption. Mini and minor insults in neonates generally showed homogeneous and rather modest changes in T and ADC. MR perfusion maps demonstrated a penumbral area of greater hypoperfusion in adults compared with neonates. Together, the results indicate that, in neonatal cortex, a similar severity of photothrombosis occurs throughout the area of photoactivation, whereas, in adult brain, spontaneous clot lysis and/or partial thrombosis occurs adjacent to permanently occluded vessels. Thus, by comparing differing severities of photothrombotic ischemia in neonates and adults, ontogenic differences were detectable using MRI, with mature brain having a greater penumbral region. Mild ischemic injury and scattered cell death in both neonates and adults could be identified by a modest increase in T and decrease in ADC. A better understanding of the effects of development on ischemic responses and associated MRI changes will provide a basis for the improved diagnosis of mild or minor ischemic insults relevant to pediatric and adult stroke.

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Control of occlusion of middle cerebral artery in perinatal and neonatal mice with magnetic force

et al. 2018

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Ischemic perinatal stroke (IPS) is common, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. In such cases, the incidence of unilateral arterial cerebral infarction is often occluded in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), leading to focal ischemia. In adult rodents, blockage of MCA is the most frequently used strategy for ischemic stroke study. However, modeling MCA occlusion (MCAo) in postnatal day 0–7 (P0–7) mouse pups for IPS study has not been accomplished. Here we occluded the dMCA by inducing the accumulation of magnetic particles (MPs) administered through the superficial temporal vein of mice between P0 and P7, which we called neonatal or perinatal SIMPLE (Stroke Induced with Magnetic Particles). SIMPLE produced either permanent or transient occlusion in the dMCA of perinatal and neonatal mice. Permanent MCA occlusion with SIMPLE resulted in cerebral infarction and neuronal death in the brain. SIMPLE can also be used to reliably produce focal ischemic stroke in neonatal or perinatal mouse brains. As a result, SIMPLE allows the modeling of IPS or focal ischemic stroke for further mechanistic studies in mice, with particular utility for mimicking transient focal ischemia in human pre-term babies, which for the first time here has been accomplished in mice.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13041-018-0389-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Impacts of Perinatal Induced Photothrombotic Stroke on Sensorimotor Performance in Adult Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

What are the Best Animal Models for Testing Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy?

What are the Best Animal Models for Testing Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy?

Magnetic resonance imaging of ischemic injury produced by varying severities of photothrombosis differs in neonatal and adult brain

Control of occlusion of middle cerebral artery in perinatal and neonatal mice with magnetic force

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