Impacts of MicroRNA-483 on Human Diseases

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in distinct cell types. This review provides a com-prehensive overview of the current understanding regarding the involvement of miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p in various physiological and pathological processes. Downregulation of miR-483-5p has been linked to numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, and neurological injury. Accumulating evidence indicates that miR-483-5p plays a crucial protective role in preserving cell function and viability by targeting specific transcripts. Notably, elevated levels of miR-483-5p in the bloodstream strongly correlate with metabolic risk factors and serve as promising diagnostic markers. Consequently, miR-483-5p represents an appealing biomarker for predicting the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and holds potential as a therapeutic target for intervention strategies. Conversely, miR-483-3p exhibits significant upregulation in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and has been shown to induce cellular apoptosis and lipotoxicity across various cell types. However, some discrepancies regarding its precise function have been reported, underscoring the need for further investigation in this area.

miR-483-5p orchestrates the initiation of protein synthesis by facilitating the decrease in phosphorylated Ser209eIF4E and 4E-BP1 levels

“…In physiological contexts, miR-483-5p plays a role in preserving the function and identity of pancreatic β-cells, promoting adipogenesis in adipose tissue, and alleviating hyperlipidemia-associated fatty liver disease 45 . Dysregulation of miR-483-5p is associated with various diseases, including cancer 46 , 47 , type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, and neurological injury 45 . Recognizing that miR-483-5p regulates the ERK1/MKNK1 axis could be a crucial information for modulating both physiological and pathological conditions.…”

MicroRNAs and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review

“…miR-483-5p targets the suppressor of cytokine signalling3 (SOCS3), increases insulin transcription in beta cells, and decreases glucagon transcription in alpha cells. miR-mice with a β-cell-specific deletion of miR-483-5p show decreased insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance when fed a high-fat diet [55,56]. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), significantly downregulated miR-34a-5p targeting GREM2, inhibited the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, and improved liver fibrosis in an NAFLD model [57].When altered in diabetes, miR-155 affects insulin sensitivity in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.…”

“…Adipose tissue plays an important role in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting an inflammatory, hyperlipidemic, and insulin-resistant environment [56,63]. In addition, obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for developing HCC [64].…”

“…The expression of miR-483-5p is significantly decreased in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese compared to non-obese individuals [69]. miR-483-5p targets ERK1 and positively regulates PPARγ expression and promotes adipogenesis in mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose-derived MSCs [56,70]. miR-33 may prevent the onset of obesity [71].…”