“…of larger plastic debris (known as secondary MNPs) [6] , [7] . MNPs are widely distributed in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their pollution is predicted to increase which will continue to pose greater risks to biota and ecosystem processes in various environments [1] , [4] , [8] , [9] . Given the ubiquity of MNPs, they are likely to be ingested by organisms through contaminated food, inhalation, or dermal contact from various exposure sources such as food, dust, cosmetics, medicine, clothing, etc.…”