Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during wintertime: a case study

Bei, Naifang; Wu, Jiarui; Elser, Miriam; Feng, Tian; Cao, Junji; Haddad, Imad El; Li, Xia; Huang, Ru‐Jin; Li, Zhengqiang; Long, Xinping; Li, Xing; Zhao, Shuyu; Tie, Xuexi; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Li, Guohui

doi:10.5194/acp-17-14579-2017

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…ALW also plays an important role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation (Hastings et al, 2005;Healy et al, 2009;Kamens et al, 2011;Koehler et al, 2004). Numerous studies have investigated the effect of RH on SOA formed from different aromatics during their photochemical oxidation processes (Blando and Turpin, 2000;Cocker et al, 2001a, b, c;Seinfeld et al, 2001;Zhou et al, 2011;Jia and Xu, 2014). Furthermore, Zhang et al (2015) revealed that, as the RH increases from 40 % to 85 % in the Yangtze River Delta of China, the aerosol scattering and backscattering coefficients increase by 58 % and 25 %, respectively, and the calculated aerosol direct radiative forcing caused by hygroscopic growth increases by 47 %.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Bei

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Water vapor has been proposed to amplify the severe haze pollution in China by enhancing the aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF). Observations have revealed that the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations ([PM2.5]) generally exhibit an increasing trend with relative humidity (RH) in the North China Plain (NCP) during 2015 wintertime, indicating that the aerosol liquid water (ALW) caused by hygroscopic growth could play an important role in the PM2.5 formation and accumulation. Simulations during a persistent and heavy haze pollution episode from 5 December 2015 to 4 January 2016 in the NCP were conducted using the WRF-Chem Model to comprehensively quantify contributions of the ALW effect to near-surface [PM2.5]. The WRF-Chem Model generally performs reasonably well in simulating the temporal variations in RH against measurements in the NCP. The factor separation approach (FSA) was used to evaluate the contribution of the ALW effect on the ARF, photochemistry, and heterogeneous reactions to [PM2.5]. The ALW not only augments particle sizes to enhance aerosol backward scattering but also increases the effective radius to favor aerosol forward scattering. The contribution of the ALW effect on the ARF and photochemistry to near-surface [PM2.5] is not significant, being generally within 1.0 µg m−3 on average in the NCP during the episode. Serving as an excellent substrate for heterogeneous reactions, the ALW substantially enhances the secondary aerosol (SA) formation, with an average contribution of 71 %, 10 %, 26 %, and 48 % to near-surface sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic aerosol concentrations. Nevertheless, the SA enhancement due to the ALW decreases the aerosol optical depth and increases the effective radius to weaken the ARF, reducing near-surface primary aerosols. The contribution of the ALW total effect to near-surface [PM2.5] is 17.5 % on average, which is overwhelmingly dominated by enhanced SA. Model sensitivities also show that when the RH is less than 80 %, the ALW progressively increases near-surface [PM2.5] but commences to decrease when the RH exceeds 80 % due to the high occurrence frequencies of precipitation.

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confidence: 99%

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Bei

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…As shown in Fig. 6c, the SOA/EC ratios increased (r = 0.65) with O x (NO 2 + O 3 ), which is a proxy for atmospheric aging caused by photochemical reactions (Canonaco et al, 2015), and the EC-scaled concentrations showed a weaker correlation with RH (r = −0.32) (Fig. 6d).…”

Section: Pollution Episodes After the Nccpc-control Periodmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Previous studies have shown that meteorological conditions play an important role in the accumulation of pollution in the BTH region (Bei et al, 2017). Surface weather charts (Fig.…”

Section: Meteorological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second source factor was linked to traffic-related emissions, and it was characterized by strong loadings of EC (42.1 %) and Cu (40.7 %) and moderate contributions of OC (29.1 %), Zn (27.1 %), and Br (22.2 %). Previous studies have indicated that carbonaceous aerosols are components of gasoline and diesel engine exhaust (Cao et al, 2005), and therefore EC and OC have been used as indicators for motor vehicle emissions (Chalbot et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2016a), and Br may also be emitted from internal combustion engines (Bukowiecki et al, 2005). Aerosol Cu and Zn are derived from other types of vehicle emissions, including those associated with lubricant and oil, brake linings, metal brake wear, and tires (Lin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Estimates Of Source Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air pollution in Beijing is influenced not only by local emissions and the regional transport of pollutants but also by meteorological conditions (e.g., Li and Han, 2016;Bei et al, 2017). In this regard, Zhong et al (2018) concluded that heavy pollution episodes in Beijing can be generally divided into two phases (1) a transport stage, which is characterized by increases in pollutants mainly transported from the south of Beijing and (2) an accumulation stage, during which there is dramatic growth in PM 2.5 loadings due to stagnant meteorological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of short-term mitigation measures on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and radiative effects: a case study at a regional background site near Beijing, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Measurements at a background site near Beijing showed that pollution controls implemented during the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (NC-CPC) were effective in reducing PM 2.5 . Mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were 20.6 %-43.1 % lower during the NCCPC-control period compared with a non-control period, and differences were greater on days with stable meteorological conditions. A receptor model showed that PM 2.5 from traffic-related emissions, biomass burning, industrial processes, and mineral dust was 38.5 %-77.8 % lower during the NCCPC-control versus noncontrol period, but differences in PM 2.5 from coal burning were small, and secondary sources were higher during the NCCPC-control period. During one pollution episode in the non-control period, secondary sources dominated, and the WRF-Chem model showed that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region contributed 73.6 % of PM 2.5 mass. A second pollution episode was linked to biomass burning, and BTH contributed 46.9 % of PM 2.5 mass. Calculations based on Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) algorithms showed that organic matter was the largest contributor to light extinction during the non-control period whereas NH 4 NO 3 was the main contributor during the NCCPC. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model showed that the average direct radiative forcing (DRF) values at the Earth's surface were −14.0 and −19.3 W m −2 during the NCCPC-control and non-control periods, respectively, and the DRF for the individual PM 2.5 components were 22.7 %-46.7 % lower during the NCCPC. The information and dataset from this study will be useful for developing air pollution control strategies in the BTH region and for understanding associated aerosol radiative effects.

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Wintertime nitrate formation pathways in the North China Plain: Importance of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis

Bei

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during wintertime: a case study

Cited by 58 publications

References 48 publications

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Impacts of short-term mitigation measures on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and radiative effects: a case study at a regional background site near Beijing, China

Wintertime nitrate formation pathways in the North China Plain: Importance of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis

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Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during wintertime: a case study

Cited by 58 publications

References 48 publications

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Impacts of short-term mitigation measures on PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and radiative effects: a case study at a regional background site near Beijing, China

Wintertime nitrate formation pathways in the North China Plain: Importance of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis

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Impacts of short-term mitigation measures on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and radiative effects: a case study at a regional background site near Beijing, China