Impacts of lean electrolyte on cycle life for rechargeable Li metal batteries

Nagpure, Shrikant C.; Tanim, Tanvir R.; Dufek, Eric J.; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Crawford, Alasdair; Wood, Sean M.; Xiao, Jie; Dickerson, Charles C.; Liaw, Bor Yann

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.060

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[22] As the volume of electrolyte drops to achieve practical Li-S batteries, the dramatic problems are exacerbated, including retarded kinetics of electrochemical reactions, spatially uneven electrochemical reactions, severe side reactions, and continuous consumption of electrolyte by the highly reactive Li metal. [23] These problems strongly constrain the development of lean-electrolyte Li-S batteries for practical applications, under which conditions high discharge capacity, high Coulombic efficiency, and high cycling stability are difficult to be achieved comparing with mitigative conditions. [24] Therefore, it is highly necessary and meaningful to emphasize lean electrolyte conditions as a key factor toward practical Li-S batteries and review the current strategies that promote practical Li-S batteries with a low E/S ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium–Sulfur Batteries under Lean Electrolyte Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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The development of energy‐storage devices has received increasing attention as a transformative technology to realize a low‐carbon economy and sustainable energy supply. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered to be one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage devices due to their ultrahigh energy density. Despite the extraordinary progress in the last few years, the actual energy density of Li–S batteries is still far from satisfactory to meet the demand for practical applications. Considering the sulfur electrochemistry is highly dependent on solid‐liquid‐solid multi‐phase conversion, the electrolyte amount plays a primary role in the practical performances of Li–S cells. Therefore, a lean electrolyte volume with low electrolyte/sulfur ratio is essential for practical Li–S batteries, yet under these conditions it is highly challenging to achieve acceptable electrochemical performances regarding sulfur kinetics, discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, and cycling stability especially for high‐sulfur‐loading cathodes. In this Review, the impact of the electrolyte/sulfur ratio on the actual energy density and the economic cost of Li–S batteries is addressed. Challenges and recent progress are presented in terms of the sulfur electrochemical processes: the dissolution–precipitation conversion and the solid–solid multi‐phasic transition. Finally, prospects of future lean‐electrolyte Li–S battery design and engineering are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium–Sulfur Batteries under Lean Electrolyte Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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“…[8] Consequently,t he gap between academical researches and practical applications in designing SEI for Li metal anode is far more challenged than graphite anode. [9] Actually,the design of SEI under mild conditions is quite difficult to meet the demands of SEI under practical conditions, [10,11] inducing extremely short lifespan of practical Li metal batteries.T herefore,t he design principles of SEI on Li metal anode applied to practical conditions are highly required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

et al. 2020

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High‐energy‐density Li metal batteries suffer from a short lifespan under practical conditions, such as limited lithium, high loading cathode, and lean electrolytes, owing to the absence of appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a sustainable SEI was designed rationally by combining fluorinated co‐solvents with sustained‐release additives for practical challenges. The intrinsic uniformity of SEI and the constant supplements of building blocks of SEI jointly afford to sustainable SEI. Specific spatial distributions and abundant heterogeneous grain boundaries of LiF, LiNxOy, and Li2O effectively regulate uniformity of Li deposition. In a Li metal battery with an ultrathin Li anode (33 μm), a high‐loading LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode (4.4 mAh cm−2), and lean electrolytes (6.1 g Ah−1), 83 % of initial capacity retains after 150 cycles. A pouch cell (3.5 Ah) demonstrated a specific energy of 340 Wh kg−1 for 60 cycles with lean electrolytes (2.3 g Ah−1).

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“…A high reactivity of Li metal will accelerate the failure of battery, particularly under the lean electrolyte condition, which is crucial to achieve a high energy-density in practical applications. The rapid fading of the cells with bare Li metal is mainly attributed to the consumption of electrolyte under lean electrolyte condition and the loss of active Li under sufficient electrolyte condition [63,64]. In order to demonstrate the suppressed consumption of electrolyte by Ce doping, symmetric cells with lean electrolyte condition (8.6 μL electrolyte per 1 mA h Li metal) were tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Li metal anode by crystallographically oriented plating through in-situ surface doping

et al. 2020

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Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the holy grail anode material for high-energy-density batteries owing to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity. However, its practical application is severely hindered by the high reactivity of metallic Li against the commonly used electrolytes and uncontrolled growth of mossy/dendritic Li. Different from widely-used approaches of optimization of the electrolyte and/ or interfacial engineering, here, we report a strategy of in-situ cerium (Ce) doping of Li metal to promote the preferential plating along the [200] direction and remarkably decreased surface energy of metallic Li. The in-situ Ce-doped Li shows a significantly reduced reactivity towards a standard electrolyte and, uniform and dendrite-free morphology after plating/ stripping, as demonstrated by spectroscopic, morphological and electrochemical characterizations. In symmetric half cells, the in-situ Ce-doped Li shows a low corrosion current density against the electrolyte and drastically improved cycling even at a lean electrolyte condition. Furthermore, we show that the stable Li|LiCoO 2 full cells with improved coulombic efficiency and cycle life are also achieved using the Ce-doped Li metal anode. This work provides an inspiring approach to bring Li metal towards practical application in high energy-density batteries.

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Impacts of lean electrolyte on cycle life for rechargeable Li metal batteries

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Lithium–Sulfur Batteries under Lean Electrolyte Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities

Lithium–Sulfur Batteries under Lean Electrolyte Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities

A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

Stable Li metal anode by crystallographically oriented plating through in-situ surface doping

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