Impacts of land-use and management histories of maize fields on the structure, composition, and metabolic potentials of microbial communities

Variations in the Functional Diversity of Rhizosphere Microbiome of Healthy and Northern Corn Leaf Blight Infected Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…Phosphorus fertilizer is frequently used to improve plant soil since it is frequently scarce in the soil and is readily absorbed by plants (Akinola et al, 2021). The prevalence of phosphorus metabolism pathways in the samples suggests that soil bacteria have increased the mineralization, solubility, and availability of phosphorus for plant use (Chukwuneme et al, 2021a). Furthermore, the dominance of some major metabolic pathways in secondary metabolisms was also prevalent in the MAD samples (Supplementary Figure S6 and Supplementary Table S7).…”

Roles of endophytic fungi in medicinal plant abiotic stress response and TCM quality development

“…Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phytoalexins, phenylpropanoids, and carotenoids have been documented in stressed plants inoculated with microorganisms ( Chukwuneme et al, 2021 , Koza et al, 2022 , Mohammadi et al, 2021 ). These secondary metabolites help plants tolerate abiotic stress by acting as antioxidants that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Chukwuneme, Ayangbenro, & Babalola, 2021 ). Many active metabolites produced in response to abiotic stress in medicinal plants not only improve plant survivability but can also be used for medicinal purposes ( Table 1 ).…”

Microorganisms in Plant Growth and Development: Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Secondary Metabolites Secretion

“…However, this response has negative effects during gaseous exchange such as the plants' intake of water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and oxygen (O 2 ) from the air using their leaves [40]. The decrease in CO 2 for instance affects photosynthesis since CO 2 limitation causes a decrease in photosynthetic fixation in plants [25]. Furthermore, stomata closure disrupts the photosynthetic machinery of plants as the oxygen level is reduced by photosystem I, resulting in the production of superoxide (O 2− ) and H 2 O 2 , which hastens the water-water cycle [2].…”

“…In drought-stressed plants, it has been shown that PGPR such as Paenibacillus polymyxa, Achromobacter piechaudi, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia, Arthrobacter, Microccocus luteus, and Bacillus enhanced the drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana [16], pepper, tomato [13,22], wheat [55] and maize [56] plants. Some of these bacterial-induced tolerances have been associated with an increase in mRNA transcription of the drought-response gene EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHY-DRATION 15 (ERD15), the production of 1-aminocycloropropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, stronger proline synthesis, and an improvement of relative and absolute water content [25]. Kasim and colleagues (2013) reported that priming with two PGPR strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5113 and Azospirillum brasilense NO40, attenuated drought-induced stress results in wheat plants by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidases (GPXs)) against ROS [55].…”

“…Some secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phytoalexins, phenylpropanoids, and carotenoids have been documented in stressed plants inoculated with microorganisms [23,24]. These secondary metabolites help plants tolerate abiotic stress by acting as antioxidants that scavenge ROS [25]. Both fungi and bacteria have been commonly implicated in the induction of secondary metabolites in stressed plants.…”