Impacts of land use and topography on the cooling effect of green areas on surrounding urban areas

Hamada, Shuko; Tanaka, Takafumi; Ohta, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2013.06.008

Cited by 82 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The urban park cooling effect can be influenced by many factors that can be classified into two categories: urban park characteristics and external impactors (e.g., distance to the park, surrounding land use pattern, and topography) [11,28]. Similar to the relationships between urban park features and LST, the park size, park perimeter, and park water bodies were all positively correlated with the PCI, consistent with previous studies [32,53,54].…”

Section: The Relationships Between the Pci And Impact Factorssupporting

confidence: 87%

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

Yang

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Urban parks have been shown to form park cool islands (PCIs), which can effectively alleviate the negative influences of urban heat islands (UHI). However, few studies have examined the detailed characteristics of PCIs, the effect of urban park features on their individual temperatures, and monthly variation in PCIs. Land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat 8 TIR images between May and October were used to represent the thermal environment. Urban park characteristics were extracted from high-resolution GF-2 images. Using these datasets, the relationships between urban park characteristics and PCIs were explored in this study using Changchun, which has a snow climate, as a case study. The results showed the following: (1) the urban parks exhibited a cooling island effect, and the PCIs showed significant monthly variations with the highest intensities in the hot months; (2) the effects of composition (e.g., park size and the percentage of water area) on LSTs and PCIs showed significant monthly variability and were stronger than the configuration effects. Furthermore, an unexpected, negative correlation between PCIs and the area of park grass was also found; and (3) larger parks tended to have stronger PCI intensities and extents of influence. For parks larger than 30 ha, the cooling effects extended approximately 480 m from the park edge between June and August. For all of parks during the study duration, the rate of temperature increase was highest within 60 m from the park edge. The PCI we employ specifically in this study is characterized by LST.

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Section: The Relationships Between the Pci And Impact Factorssupporting

confidence: 87%

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

Yang

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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“…This was, therefore, considered in the analysis of the UCI intensity. Previous studies have reported that the temperature of the heat island (hot spot) or the water body cooling effect vary in accordance with the general distance decay theory, even though it might fluctuate Sun et al, 2012;Hamada et al, 2013;Feyisa et al 2014). Therefore, a suitable transformation of the two variables was required prior to conducting regression analysis.…”

Section: Identification Of Uci and Its Intensitysupporting

confidence: 62%

A satellite image-based analysis of factors contributing to the green-space cool island intensity on a city scale

Kong

Yin

Wang

et al. 2014

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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Urban green spaces provide cooler microclimates and create localized urban cool islands and, as part of an adaption strategy to cope with future urban climate change, have been proposed as a means to mitigate the urban heat island effect. Numerous previous research papers have discussed green-space size, type, and vegetation density, as well as many other factors that might influence green-space cooling effects. However, little has been done with regard to exploring and quantifying the characteristics of the green-space cool island (UCI). It is also largely unknown whether or how the patterns of green space and land use, as well as the adjacent urban thermal environment, affect UCIs. In this paper, based on the satellite image, the land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved and the UCI was first identified, then the UCI intensity, one of the UCI characteristics, is defined and at last multiple linear regression models used to explore and quantify the combined effects of factors related to UCI intensity. The results show that the intensity differed between UCIs, and that it was correlated significantly with the extent of and mean temperature reduction associated with a UCI. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that UCI intensity was affected by areas of forest vegetation and its spatial arrangements, as well as by the composition of the cool island and its neighboring thermal environment. The study validated the suitability of using intensity as an indicator of the UCI. Identifying the UCI as a result of the green-space cooling 2 effect, will help in the management and planning of the spatial arrangement of green spaces in cities to mitigate the effects of the urban heat environment and help cities adapt to the climate change.

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“…Wong & Yu (2005) reported that urban forests could reduce the temperature up to 4.01 °C compared to the central business district. Spatial and temporal analysis of urban temperatures has revealed that vegetation-rich areas have lower temperatures (Akinbode et al 2008, Armson et al 2012) and the cooling effect was different among different land uses (Hamada et al 2013). Georgi & Zafiriadis (2006) found that maximum cooling and humidifying effects of urban parks were about 24% and 41%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate regulating functions of urban forests in Changchun City (north-east China) and their associations with different factors

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Lu³

et al. 2018

iForest

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Microclimate regulating functions of urban trees and their associations with environmental factors and tree-growth characteristics are important for management and ecological evaluations. In this study, a total of 637 trees distributed in the Changchun urban region (ca. 400 km 2 , northeastern China) were sampled in four different types of urban forests (AF: affiliated forests; RF: roadside forests; LF: landscape and relaxation forests; EF: ecological welfare forests). Tree growth-related parameters and environmental factors (inside and outside the forest) were simultaneously measured, and location-dependent differences in shading, cooling and humidifying effects were assessed, along with their associations with the measured variables. We found that urban forests in Changchun reduced the incident sunlight by 74-86% and increased air relative humidity by 3-7%, on average. Air, soil, and upper-canopy temperatures were decreased approximately by 3 °C, <1 °C and 1 °C, respectively, showing a 3-dimensional cooling effect of urban forests on both air and soil. Shading, cooling and humidifying effects significantly differed among the four forest types, with AF stands showing the highest comprehensive scores for all the microclimate regulation functions. Regression analyses and redundancy analysis revealed that urban forests had much stronger effect in terms of microclimate regulation at sunny days with high temperature, and low air humidity. In general, stands with larger trees showed the higher regulating functions, regardless of the stand structure and composition. The results of this study may help urban forest management and planning aimed at maximizing their ecological services.

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Impacts of land use and topography on the cooling effect of green areas on surrounding urban areas

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

A satellite image-based analysis of factors contributing to the green-space cool island intensity on a city scale

Microclimate regulating functions of urban forests in Changchun City (north-east China) and their associations with different factors

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