Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Migration and Food Security of North Central Region, Nigeria

Abstract

Food security is adversely affected by challenges posed by changes in land use and land cover (LULC). LULC change impacts ecosystem functions and services, leading to migration of people, particularly rural dwellers. This paper uses multispectral satellite remote sensing, net migration data, household survey, stakeholders’ meetings, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), expert interviews and yields and estimated land mass of maize, rice, groundnut, cassava, and yam to assess the extent of LULC in Niger, Kwara, and Benue states of North Central Region of Nigeria and their relevance for migration and food security. Remote sensing data for 1990, 2000, 2013, and 2020 were extracted from Landsat imageries to obtain LULC change. Household survey was conducted to validate the data obtained from Landsat imageries. The results of LULC between 1990 and 2020 show that most of the vegetation, agricultural land, and water body areas in Kwara and Benue States have been converted to built-up areas and barren land, while an increase in agricultural land and built-up areas was observed in Niger State. Our household survey, stakeholders’ meetings, and interviews showed that there was a continuous massive migration of people, particularly young farmers, to cities leaving most of the existing agricultural lands uncultivated. This was due to the losses in agricultural land and conversion of some of the other LULC classes to barren land. We conclude that if this permanent migration remains uncontrolled, it will have significantly negative future impacts on food security of Nigeria. It is recommended that the government and its sub-ordinary administrative entities invest in more reliable infrastructure and attractive living environment for the rural dwellers to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration in the study areas.

Analyzing Farmers’ Engagement with Sustainable Agricultural Policies: Insights from Indonesia’s LP2B Initiatives

“…This rapid transformation of agricultural land is fundamentally tied to development planning that prioritizes economic growth and infrastructure, often neglecting essential considerations for preserving vital agricultural areas, particularly fertile expanses dedicated to agricultural cultivation [12]. This skewed focus on developmental priorities has led to a significant decline in agricultural land ownership, exemplified by a drastic decrease to only 0.89 hectares per household in 2013 [13]. Concurrently, the global challenge of land degradation compounds is impacting diverse terrestrial biomes and agroecologies in both low-income and highly industrialized countries [14].…”