Impacts of Imazapyr and Triclopyr Soil Residues on the Growth of Several Restoration Species

Douglass, Cameron; Nissen, Scott J.; Meiman, Paul J.; Kniss, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.rama.2016.01.006

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Here, triclopyr dissipated much more rapidly than reported in other studies conducted in northern regions but was present at low concentrations for a least 1 yr after application. Other studies have found comparable triclopyr dissipation rates to ours with DT 50 values of 5 DAT (Johnson et al, 1995a; Douglass et al, 2016). Dissipation in these studies was linked to soil properties including optimal soil moisture, pH >5, and high organic matter and clay content, all of which increase microbial degradation rates (Johnson et al, 1995a, 1995b; Douglass et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Imazapyr is known to have longer residence time in soils than triclopyr with detectable residues observed at 454 and 730 d after application in Alaska and Sweden, respectively (Torstenssen and Stark, 1982; Newton et al, 2008). Imazapyr dissipation in the Yukon Territory had a DT 50 of 16 DAT, which is faster than some previous studies that reported DT 50 values ranging from 37 to 144 DAT (Börjesson et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2005; Newton et al, 2008; Gianelli et al, 2014; Douglass et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The soil dissipation rates indicate that triclopyr degraded at a much faster rate than imazapyr along ROWs in the Yukon Territory, which has been similarly documented in temperate regions (Senseman, 2007;Douglass et al, 2016). Rapid initial dissipation of triclopyr could be a function of surface loss through volatilization and photodegradation, which was followed by a persistent phase controlled more by sorption and microbial degradation (Hill and Schaalje, 1985).…”

Section: Herbicide Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Linking Herbicide Dissipation to Soil Ecological Risk along Transmission Rights-of-Way in the Yukon Territory, Canada Amy Jimmo, Krystal M. Isbister, Eric G. Lamb, Steven D. Siciliano, and Katherine J. Stewart* V egetation management on transmission rightsof-way (ROWs) is essential to providing safe and reliable service to consumers. Vegetation management programs can integrate mechanical, chemical and biological techniques to ensure effective control of target vegetation (Nowak and Ballard, 2005a;Yahner, 2006;Thiffault and Roy, 2011;Douglass et al, 2016). In the Yukon Territory, vegetation management currently consists of removing tall, fast growing woody vegetation such as Populus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidic herbicides, such as triclopyr and imazapyr, tend to sorb weakly to soils making them less persistent due to greater availability to microorganisms (Gianelli et al, 2014). Although acidic herbicides sorb weakly, soil properties including pH, clay content and soil organic matter can alter the degree to which the herbicides adsorb to soil particles (Johnson et al, 1995a; Gianelli et al, 2014; Douglass et al, 2016). In the Yukon Territory, initial testing of triclopyr and imazapyr for use along ROWs suggested that, while both herbicides are likely to be effective for woody control, persistence of imazapyr in soil may impact non‐target plant species (Isbister et al, 2017; 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking Herbicide Dissipation to Soil Ecological Risk along Transmission Rights‐of‐Way in the Yukon Territory, Canada

Jimmo

Isbister²,

Lamb³

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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In the Yukon Territory, transmission rights‐of‐way (ROWs) are managed using brushing and mowing techniques alone. When cut, target species such as Populus tremuloides Michx. and Salix spp. grow rapidly shortening maintenance cycles. Long‐term vegetation control may be improved by integrating herbicide application. However, prior to implementation, the dissipation and toxicity of herbicides in northern latitudes needed to be assessed. The dissipation of Garlon XRT (triclopyr) and Arsenal Powerline (imazapyr) in soils was assessed at five ROW locations representative of the main ecoregion types where ROWs occur within the Yukon Territory. Soils from four sites were collected at 1, 30, and 365 d after treatment to determine persistence of herbicides for each of three application methods (backpack spraying, cut stump, and point injection). Increased sampling intervals were added to better determine the dissipation rate of each herbicide in Yukon Territory soils. Soil dissipation data were linked to a series of standardized toxicity tests, including three soil invertebrates (Enchytreaus crypticus, Folsmia candida, and Oppia nitens). Additionally, the dissipation of both herbicides from the target species Salix glauca L. was assessed at one site. Herbicide residues persisted in soils for longer than 365 d after treatment and longer than 30 d after treatment in S. glauca. However, concentrations were below the concentration that would affect 25% of the invertebrate species tested. Weight of evidence and toxic exposure ratios were used to characterize the risks associated with herbicide application in northern latitudes and provided both qualitative and quantitative means to communicate the results to the public. Core Ideas Herbicide use may improve vegetation management along rights‐of‐way in the Yukon. Triclopyr is a good alternative due to a mobile‐phase DT50 of 1 d after treatment. Imazapyr presented no unacceptable risk to the soil invertebrates tested. Risk characterization indicated triclopyr and imazapyr are acceptable in northern latitudes. Triclopyr presents less risk due to fast dissipation and low risk to soil invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Herbicide Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Linking Herbicide Dissipation to Soil Ecological Risk along Transmission Rights‐of‐Way in the Yukon Territory, Canada

Jimmo

Isbister²,

Lamb³

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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Herbicide control of the invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) does not alter soil microbial communities or activity

James

Bach

Baker

et al. 2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Invasive plants are a major problem for land managers and have widespread and lasting environmental impacts. The invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is a pervasive and noxious plant in the Midwest region of the United States. Despite this, many land managers may be uncomfortable with herbicide control of this and other invasive plants due to unknown impacts on ecosystem components including soils. To examine if herbicide control of Amur honeysuckle impacts soil enzyme activity and soil communities, we treated Amur honeysuckle with Garlon® 4 (triclopyr) suspended in Basal Bark Oil, Basal Bark Oil alone and untreated controls, then assessed soil community, soil enzyme activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal density changes among treatments and across the subsequent growing season. We found that basal bark herbicide treatments of Amur honeysuckle do not negatively impact soil enzyme activity, nor do they impact fungal, prokaryotic or oomycotan diversity or community structure. There was a slight but likely ecologically unimportant effect on community structure associated with basal bark oil applications, but not with herbicide applications. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was negatively affected by herbicide use but this is likely due to reduction in host health and/or mortality. Taken together, this suggests that herbicide control of Amur honeysuckle does not impact soils and land managers can treat these invasive plants without concern for negative soil outcomes.

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Vegetation response to invasive Tamarix control in southwestern U.S. rivers: a collaborative study including 416 sites

González

Sher

Anderson

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Most studies assessing vegetation response following control of invasive Tamarix trees along southwestern U.S. rivers have been small in scale (e.g., river reach), or at a regional scale but with poor spatial-temporal replication, and most have not included testing the effects of a now widely used biological control. We monitored plant composition following Tamarix control along hydrologic, soil, and climatic gradients in 244 treated and 172 reference sites across six U.S. states. This represents the largest comprehensive assessment to date on the vegetation response to the four most common Tamarix control treatments. Biocontrol by a defoliating beetle (treatment 1) reduced the abundance of Tamarix less than active removal by mechanically using hand and chain-saws (2), heavy machinery (3) or burning (4). Tamarix abundance also decreased with lower temperatures, higher precipitation, and follow-up treatments for Tamarix resprouting. Native cover generally increased over time in active Tamarix removal sites, however, the increases observed were small and was not consistently increased by active revegetation. Overall, native cover was correlated to permanent stream flow, lower grazing pressure, lower soil salinity and temperatures, and higher precipitation. Species diversity also increased where Tamarix was removed. However, Tamarix treatments, especially those generating the highest disturbance (burning and heavy machinery), also often promoted secondary invasions of exotic forbs. The abundance of hydrophytic species was much lower in treated than in reference sites, suggesting that management of southwestern U.S. rivers has focused too much on weed control, overlooking restoration of fluvial processes that provide habitat for hydrophytic and floodplain vegetation. These results can help inform future management of Tamarix-infested rivers to restore hydrogeomorphic processes, increase native biodiversity and reduce abundance of noxious species.

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Impacts of Imazapyr and Triclopyr Soil Residues on the Growth of Several Restoration Species

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Linking Herbicide Dissipation to Soil Ecological Risk along Transmission Rights‐of‐Way in the Yukon Territory, Canada

Linking Herbicide Dissipation to Soil Ecological Risk along Transmission Rights‐of‐Way in the Yukon Territory, Canada

Herbicide control of the invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) does not alter soil microbial communities or activity

Vegetation response to invasive Tamarix control in southwestern U.S. rivers: a collaborative study including 416 sites

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