Impacts of household energy programs on fuel consumption in Benin, Uganda, and India

Garland, Charity; Jagoe, Kirstie; Wasirwa, Emmy; Nguyen, Raphael; Roth, Claudia; Patel, Ashwin; Shah, Nilpa; Derby, Elisa; Mitchell, John B.; Pennise, David; Johnson, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.005

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In some locations, the projects were complimented by Kitchen Performance Test (KPT) [16] studies, which assessed household level fuel consumption. The results from the KPT components of the project can be found in Johnson et al [17] and Garland et al [18]. emissions in the other.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

In-Home Emissions Performance of Cookstoves in Asia and Africa

et al. 2019

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This paper presents results from eight field studies in Asia and Africa on the emissions performance of 16 stove/fuel combinations measured during normal cooking events in homes. Characterizing real-world emissions performance is important for understanding the climate and health implications of technologies being promoted as alternatives to displace baseline cooking stoves and fuels. Almost all of the stove interventions were measured to have substantial reductions in PM2.5 and CO emissions compared to their respective baseline technologies (reductions of 24–87% and 25–80%, for PM2.5 and CO emission rates, respectively), though comparison with performance guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) suggests that further improvement for biomass stoves would help realize more health benefits. The emissions of LPG stoves were generally below the WHO interim PM2.5 emissions target (1.75 mg/min) though it was not clear how close they were to the most aspirational ISO (0.2 mg/min) or WHO (0.23 mg/min) targets as our limit of detection was 1.1 mg/min. Elemental and organic carbon emission factors and elemental-to-total carbon ratios (medians ranging from 0.11 to 0.42) were in line with previously reported field-based estimates for similar stove/fuel combinations. Two of the better performing forced draft stoves used with pellets—the Oorja (median ET/TC = 0.12) and Eco-Chula (median ET/TC = 0.42)—were at opposite ends of the range, indicating that important differences in combustion conditions can arise even between similar stove/fuel combinations. Field-based tests of stove performance also provide important feedback for laboratory test protocols. Comparison of these results to previously published water boiling test data from the laboratory reinforce the trend that stove performance is generally better during controlled laboratory conditions, with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) being consistently lower in the field for respective stove/fuel categories. New testing approaches, which operate stoves through a broader range of conditions, indicate potential for better MCE agreement than previous versions of water boiling tests. This improved agreement suggests that stove performance estimates from a new ISO laboratory testing protocol, including testing stoves across low, medium, and high firepower, may provide more representative estimates of real-world performance than previously used tests. More representative results from standardized laboratory testing should help push stove designs toward better real-world performance as well as provide a better indication of how the tested technologies will perform for the user.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

In-Home Emissions Performance of Cookstoves in Asia and Africa

et al. 2019

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“…We assess fuel efficiency by presenting household fuel consumption estimates as fuel mass per “standard adult” per day. The standard adult is a metric utilized in kitchen performance tests to adjust caloric needs (and therefore fuel needs) across gender and age, with the following distribution: child 0‐14 years = 0.5; female over 14 yeas = 0.8; male 15‐59 = 1; and male over 59 years = 0.8.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage and impacts of the Envirofit HM-5000 cookstove

2018

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Burning solid fuels to fulfill daily household energy needs results in chronic exposure to household air pollution (HAP), which is among the world's greatest health risks. This paper presents the results of a cross-sectional study of cookstove usage, fuel consumption, and indoor PM concentrations in rural and urban Honduran homes cooking with the Envirofit HM-5000 metal plancha stove (n = 32) as compared to control households using baseline cooking technologies (n = 33). Temperature-based stove usage measurements showed high HM-5000 acceptance, with significant displacement of the traditional cookstoves at both the urban (99%, P < .05) and rural study sites (75%, P < .05). However, longer-term usage data collected in peri-urban households showed that participants cooked on the HM-5000 more frequently during the 3-day monitoring period than during the following 3 weeks. Average indoor PM was 66% lower in HM-5000 households as compared to control households (P < .05). Lower indoor PM concentrations observed in participant homes as compared to control households, supported by high usage and traditional stove displacement, suggest the potential for the HM-5000 to yield health improvements in adopting Honduran households.

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“…Visual representations, such as diagrams, graphs, or calls to action can help concretize the difference between the amount of fuel used by an improved versus a baseline stove (see figures 17 and 18 for images of the two types). For example, pictures or drawings may portray the number of bags of charcoal spent/saved per week in a household that uses an improved and one that uses a baseline stove, alongside items that a family would be able to buy with the realized savings (see Garland et al 2015).…”

Section: Behavior Change Technique: Use Visual Representation Of Benementioning

confidence: 99%