Impacts of Grapevine Leafroll Disease on Fruit Yield and Grape and Wine Chemistry in a Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivar

Abstract

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is an economically important virus disease affecting wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), but little is known about its effect on wine chemistry and sensory composition of wines. In this study, impacts of GLD on fruit yield, berry quality and wine chemistry and sensory features were investigated in a red wine grape cultivar planted in a commercial vineyard. Own-rooted Merlot vines showing GLD symptoms and tested positive for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and adjacent non-symptomatic vines that tested negative for the virus were compared during three consecutive seasons. Number and total weight of clusters per vine were significantly less in symptomatic relative to non-symptomatic vines. In contrast to previous studies, a time-course analysis of juice from grapes harvested at different stages of berry development from symptomatic and non-symptomatic vines indicated more prominent negative impacts of GLD on total soluble solids (TSS) and berry skin anthocyanins than in juice pH and titratable acidity. Differences in TSS between grapes of symptomatic and non-symptomatic vines were more pronounced after the onset of véraison, with significantly lower concentrations of TSS in grapes from symptomatic vines throughout berry ripening until harvest. Wines made from grapes of GLD-affected vines had significantly lower alcohol, polymeric pigments, and anthocyanins compared to corresponding wines from grapes of non-symptomatic vines. Sensory descriptive analysis of 2010 wines indicated significant differences in color, aroma and astringency between wines made from grapes harvested from GLD-affected and unaffected vines. The impacts of GLD on yield and fruit and wine quality traits were variable between the seasons, with greater impacts observed during a cooler season, suggesting the influence of host plant × environment interactions on overall impacts of the disease.

Genetic diversity and identification of putative recombination events in grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus

“…Its associated agents are Grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaVs) belonging to the family Closteroviridae. Of all the GLRaVs, GLRaV-2 and -3 are the most widely spread (Alabi et al, 2016;Almeida et al, 2013;Atallah et al, 2012;Maree et al, 2013;Martelli et al, 2012;Naidu et al, 2015Naidu et al, , 2014. Symptoms vary depending on the viral strain or complex of viruses causing the infection, and are mild in V. labrusca, but severe in V. vinifera (Basso et al, 2014).…”

Geological Characteristics of Close Geographical Related Vineyards Influence Microbiomes of Two Soil Depth Profiles With Potential Impacts on Wine Quality

“…Using a standard protocol [28], Settesoli winery provided a separate vini cation of the grapes coming from the two soils (about 7,000 kg of grapes per vini cation). The tasting analysis was carried out in Settesoli using the internal trained panel test made up of 13 oenologists (8 males, 5 females).…”

“…For the wine attributes, the relative differences between wines were analysed and con rmed submitting the judgements to statistical analysis using the ANOVA method according to Alabi et al [28].…”

The impact of grapevine red blotch disease on Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory attributes over three seasons

“…Regarding phenols, for most V. vinifera cultivars the phenolic composition of mesocarp tissue is dominated by hydroxycinnamic acids, and therefore this is the most abundant class of phenolic compounds in white wines. Biotic factors such as disease caused by viruses or other pathogens may influence grape ripening development, altering the normal accumulation of sugars, acids, phenolic and aroma compounds . Grape composition at harvest affects wine quality directly since it will influence sensorial parameters such as ethanol content, pH, aroma, taste, and mouthfeel in the wine …”

“…Therefore, a multi‐seasonal study was conducted to evaluate the impact of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) on own‐rooted V. vinifera L. Merlot. It showed that the impact of GLD on grape and wine composition and quality was dependent on the season . Another study showed that temperature influenced symptom severity and plant defense against infection of cassava mosaic disease caused by begomoviruses, which belong to the geminivirus family (the same family as GRBV) on cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) …”