Impacts of freezing of gait on forward and backward gait in Parkinson’s disease

Son, Moon; Cheon, Sang-Myung; Youm, Changhong; Kim, Youkyung; Kim, Jae Woo

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.034

Cited by 18 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…2). Lord et al27 recently reported that a slower gait was an independent risk factor for falling in de novo PD patients, and Son et al30 demonstrated that freezing of gait in patients with PD was associated with slower walking in BG than in FG. Together these findings indicate that the BG speed is more strongly associated with the risk of falling than are the FG or DG speed in the early stages of PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backward Gait is Associated with Motor Symptoms and Fear of Falling in Patients withDe NovoParkinson's Disease

et al. 2019

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Background and PurposeMany previous studies have investigated forward gait (FG), backward gait (BG), and dual-task gait (DG) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains uncertain whether gait parameters are implicated in motor symptoms or the risk of falling, especially in patients with de novo PD.MethodsDemographic and clinical characteristics including the Fear of Falling Measure (FFM) were assessed in patients with de novo PD and in healthy subjects. A computerized gait analysis using the GAITRite system was performed for FG, BG, and DG. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III was assessed in patients with PD.ResultsThis prospective study included 24 patients with de novo PD and 27 controls. Compared with controls, patients with de novo PD showed a slower gait and shorter stride in all three gaits. Patients with de novo PD also exhibited increases in the stride-to-stride variability in the stride time and stride length of the gait for BG, increased length for DG, and no increase for FG. Moreover, the BG speed in de novo PD patients was significantly associated with their motor symptoms (bradykinesia, postural instability, gait difficulty, and total motor score) and negatively correlated with the FFM score.ConclusionsThe BG dynamics were more impaired and more closely related to motor symptoms and fear of falling than were the FG or DG dynamics in patients with de novo PD, indicating that BG parameters are potential biomarkers for the progression of PD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backward Gait is Associated with Motor Symptoms and Fear of Falling in Patients withDe NovoParkinson's Disease

et al. 2019

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“…26 Our previous study has also found that the impact of FoG is more prominent during backward walking than during forward walking. 27 These results suggest that the network controlling backward walking may be more vulnerable in PD patients, and the performance of backward walking of PD patients might be a key feature to show FoG characteristics. Our results revealed that differences between MAS and LAS step were only found in non-freezers for cadence and step time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Forward and backward walking and turning tests were captured using six infrared cameras (Vicon, MX-T10, UK) on an 8-meter walkway, as in our previous study. 27 A global coordinate system was established, with the positive X-axis to the right, positive Y-axis facing anteriorly, and the Z-axis de ned as the crossproduct between the X-axis and the Y-axis, with the positive Z-axis facing superiorly. Weight, height, shoulder offset, elbow width, wrist width, hand thickness, leg length, knee width, and ankle width were measured bilaterally for all participants to obtain joint kinematic data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Walking Characteristics of Patients with Parkinson’s disease: Impact of Freezing of Gait

Son¹,

Cheon²,

Youm³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer from walking disturbances. This study was done to comprehensively analyze walking characteristics of PD, including forward and backward walking and turning. Impacts of freezing of gait (FoG) were also determined. Forward and backward walking and 360° turning was recorded at preferred speed in defined ‘off’ state. PD showed narrower step length, slower walking speed, and higher asymmetry index (AI) of step length during forward and backward walking. During turning, PD had more turning steps, longer turning time, and shorter step length than control. There was no difference at forward walking according to FoG, but freezer showed narrower step length and decreased range of motion in ankle joints at backward walking. Freezer showed longer step time and higher AI of step length at turning. The severity of FoG was correlated with step length and walking speed during forward and backward walking, total step count, total step time, and walking speed during turning. Comprehensive analysis showed that PD had narrower step length, slower walking speed, and increased asymmetry of step length. These features were the most prominent during turning, followed by backward and forward walking. Impacts of FoG were also the most prominent during turning.

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“…PD patients manifest significant differences in heel contact and a lowered foot uprising during the swing phase [16]; hence they have an elevated risk of falling [17]. This is exacerbated among people who have freezing of gait (FOG) [18].…”

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Footwear and Foot Deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease: A Case-Series Study

Novo-Trillo¹,

López‐López²,

Labra³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and complex neurological problem. Gait abnormalities are frequent in PD patients, and this increases the risk of falls. However, little is known about foot deformities and footwear in this vulnerable population. Here we investigate whether patients with PD use an appropriate shoe size and know if they have foot deformities or alterations. Methodology: A study of a series of observational descriptive cases in a convenience sample (n = 53 patients) diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. One trained investigator evaluated foot and ankle health. The footwear and foot measurements were obtained using a Brannock device. Results: The podiatric examination and footwear examination detected a high presence of podiatric pathologies and inappropriate footwear. This has a negative impact on the quality of life of these patients. Conclusions: This research detected an elevated number of people with foot deformities or alterations. Moreover, a high proportion of participants with PD wear inadequate footwear (in length, width, or both).

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Impacts of freezing of gait on forward and backward gait in Parkinson’s disease

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Backward Gait is Associated with Motor Symptoms and Fear of Falling in Patients withDe NovoParkinson's Disease

Backward Gait is Associated with Motor Symptoms and Fear of Falling in Patients withDe NovoParkinson's Disease

Comprehensive Analysis of Walking Characteristics of Patients with Parkinson’s disease: Impact of Freezing of Gait

Impact of Footwear and Foot Deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease: A Case-Series Study

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