Impacts of Environmental Factors and Nutrients Management on Tomato Grown under Controlled and Open Field Conditions

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is commonly cultivated in the greenhouse and open fields. Organic and conventional nutrients are two common inputs for crops. Since there are different methods for producing tomatoes, the four most important scenarios were selected, focusing on two types of nutrient management options (organic and conventional), and two types of cultivation methods (open field and greenhouse). The greenhouse organic (scenario one: GH-O), greenhouse conventional (scenario two: GH-C), open field organic (scenario three: OF-O), and open field conventional (scenario four: OF-C) were the four scenarios examined in this research. This study aims to investigate the environmental effects of greenhouse and open field tomatoes in the organic and conventional system of nutrients. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to assess the environmental impact of different scenarios. This paper uses midpoint attributional LCA to analyze environmental damages during tomato production. In this study, the environmental effect of scenarios was evaluated in three categories: human health, ecosystem quality, and resources. The system boundary starts from the cradle and ends at the farm gate with the harvest of tomatoes. One ton of tomatoes (mass unit) is considered the functional unit for this research. The ReCiPe 2016 model was used for the assessment of the environmental impact. The results of this research showed that scenario two (GH-C) had the highest yield among the other scenarios, and scenario one (GH-O) had the lowest environmental damage. According to the results of this study, the use of compost in the organic open-field scenario was not suggested to be a good option for tomato cultivation because of its negative environmental impact on human health, ecosystem quality, and resources.

Light spectrum affects growth, metabolite profile, and resistance against fungal phytopathogens of Solanum lycopersicum L. seedlings

“…These indoor methods aim to optimize growth conditions, improve crop productivity, and enhance fruit quality through the precise manipulation of various environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) level, and nutrient availability (Sotelo Cardona et al 2021). By carefully managing these pa rameters, growers can manipulate plant growth and development, optimize photosynthesis and fruit set, and regulate plant health (Amirahmadi et al 2023). Controlled cultivation methods offer numerous ben efits, including improved crop quality, yearround pro duction, reduced water usage, and minimized reliance on agrochemicals.…”

Comparative life cycle assessment of environmental impacts and economic feasibility of tomato cultivation systems in northern plains of India

“…This reduction was primarily attributed to the potential decrease in the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Elnaz et al 25 conducted a study comparing the environmental impact of four tomato production scenarios, including greenhouse organic, greenhouse conventional, open field organic, and open field conventional systems. By using LCA, they found that the greenhouse conventional system had the highest yield, while the greenhouse organic system had the lowest environmental damage, suggesting that compost use in the organic open-field scenario had negative environmental effects.…”

Morpho-Physiological Assessment of Tomato and Bell Pepper in Response to Nutrient Restriction

“…The significance of magnesium in phloem loading lies in its interaction with ATP fuelling, specifically with the H + -ATPase enzyme [12]. This enzyme provides energy for the phloem loading process and sustains the transport of sucrose into phloem cells [13]. In fruits, Mg deficiency can lead to reduced fruit size and alterations in acidity and vitamin C content.…”

“…In addition, Mg is necessary for proper RNA polymerase function, an enzyme essential for RNA synthesis and gene expression [9,10]. Although Mg plays an important role in the growth and development of plants, limited research is available about Mg deficiency and possible effects on crop yield and this nutrient is often considered "the forgotten element" [11][12][13].…”