Impacts of Different Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection Models on the Runoff and Sediment Yield in Small Watershed of the Chinese Loess Plateau—A Case Study of Fengbugou in Qingyang City of Gansu

Abstract

The Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) project is crucial in preventing gully erosion in the Loess Plateau. However, there are new problems after the completion of the GCHP project, such as secondary disasters caused by sudden changes in water flow paths. To study the impact of different GCHP measures on runoff and sediment production, we conducted a series of scouring experiments using the similarity principle, taking Fengbao Gully, Xifeng District, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, as a prototype. Moreover, three scenarios in the GCHP project (landfill (LT), nondrained terraced (NDT), and terrace with a drainage system (DT)) are established. Seasonal rainfall simulation experiments are conducted with a constant slope. The results showed that during summer rainfall, the 10 min runoff depth of LT is 67.83~276.03% higher than that of NDT. However, in spring and autumn, the runoff depth of NDT is 4.12~39.84% higher than LT’s. The sediment yield of LT is 0.06–5.58 times higher than that of NDT and 1.91–25.58 times higher than that of DT. The sediment yield of NDT is 0.46–4.02 times higher than that of LT and 2.27–23.93 times higher than that of DT, indicating that, under the same conditions, the effect of slope replacement with terraces for GCHP is better than that of gully head landfill in reducing soil erosion and secondary geological disasters. Furthermore, imperfect terrace construction can result in increased sediment yield. This study provides a scientific basis for the maintenance and later management of GCHP and helps implement soil and water conservation measures in similar regions worldwide.

Assessment of the Implementation Effect of a Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project Based on the GeoWEPP Model

“…Nash-Sutcliffe E ciency Coefficie Model calibration period (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) 13.248 0.997 0.994 Model validation period (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) 43.876 0.958 0.958…”

“…The Loess Plateau is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin and is one of the regions with the most severe soil erosion in the world [1,2]. The Loess Plateau is a valuable land resource suitable for farming and living, and also an important grain and fruitproducing area and population settlement [3].…”

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors Analysis of Drought Characteristics Based on the Standardized Precipitation Index: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin

“…The formation and evolution of drought is caused by geology, meteorology, and human activities [16][17][18]. Drought is characterized by a wide range of influence and a large area of disaster.…”

Soil Erosion in a Changing Environment over 40 Years in the Merguellil Catchment Area of Central Tunisia

“…In Africa, terracing has proven to be highly effective in decreasing soil erosion, preserving water, and retaining nutrients at the watershed scale [24]. Similarly, in semi-arid regions of China, these methods have been shown to significantly diminish sediment runoff on hillsides [25,26]. Despite the critical importance of understanding the combined effects of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes and SWC techniques on soil erosion, a limited number of studies have specifically addressed this aspect.…”