Impacts of COVID-19 and fiscal stimuli on global emissions and the Paris Agreement

Abstract

The global economy is facing a serious recession due to COVID-19, with implications for CO 2 emissions. Here, using a global adaptive multiregional input-output model and scenarios of lockdown and fiscal counter measures, we show that global emissions from economic sectors will decrease by 3.9 to 5.6% in 5 years (2020 to 2024) compared with a no-pandemic baseline scenario (business as usual for economic growth and carbon intensity decline). Global economic interdependency via supply chains means that blocking one country's economic activities causes the emissions of other countries to decrease even without lockdown policies. Supply-chain effects contributed 90.1% of emissions decline from power production in 2020 but only 13.6% of transport sector reductions. Simulations of follow-up fiscal stimuli in 41 major countries increase global 5-yr emissions by −6.6 to 23.2 Gt (−4.7 to 16.4%), depending on the strength and structure of incentives. Therefore, smart policy is needed to turn pandemic-related emission declines into firm climate action.

A Bi-Level Model for Green Freight Transportation Pricing Strategy Considering Enterprise Profit and Carbon Emissions

“…Thirdly, the references [22][23][24]26,27] performed comprehensive studies on transportation pricing, considering carbon emissions, and on the charging parameters for carbon emissions. However, research on the carbon emissions of cargo transportation that considers the competition between different transportation modes is relatively rare.…”

“…This is also one of the main considerations for our study-to demonstrate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the pricing of a green freight transportation system. Research in the same field has also been comprehensively analyzed by the authors of [27], who further analyzed the impacts of COVID-19 on global emissions and the Paris Agreement.…”

Socio-economic and corporate factors and COVID-19 pandemic: a wake-up call

“…The elasticity estimates show that a 1% increase in the coronavirus testing capacity brings to increase logistics activities and CSR activities by 0.029%, p < lt;0.049, and 0.240%, p < lt;0.002, respectively, while it decreases healthcare expenditures by −0.183%, p < lt;0.004. The cost of carbon emissions increases due to resuming corporate activities after minimizing the critical COVID-19 cases globally (Sovacool et al 2020 ; Shan et al 2021 ). Sustainable healthcare may promote healthcare logistics activities and corporate social responsibility, and reduce carbon damages, which are likely to move towards economic progression after reducing the pandemic recessionary phase (Amankwah-Amoah 2020 ; Ibn-Mohammed et al 2020 ; Sarkis 2020 ).…”

Targeted green recovery measures in a post-COVID-19 world enable the energy transition

“…Studies that can guide decisions on this issue are thus critically needed. Some studies are already available: IEA's Sustainable Recovery report 6 , the analysis of fiscal stimuli and recovery scenarios by Shan et al 7 , Pollitt et al 8 and Emmerling et al 9 and the work on single regions by Allan et al 10 and Lahcen et al 11 However, these studies have by now used older data and used a single model for their analysis. This study aims to go beyond this earlier work by analysing the energy use, economic, and emission impacts of both the COVID-19-pandemic and potential green recovery packages using multiple models.…”