“…On the individual level, climate directly influences seed reproduction and seedling establishment (Renard, Mclntire, & Fajardo, ), growth (Carrer & Urbinati, , ), leaf area and form (Fisher et al., ; Yang et al., ), phenology (Pettorelli et al., ; Zhang et al., ), and longevity of individual plants (Goulden et al., ). On the ecosystem level, climate change can alter productivity (Meir, Metcalfe, Costa, & Fisher, ; Schwalm et al., ; Wang et al., ), species composition (Renwick & Rocca, ), and regional diversity (Beaumont et al., ; Garcia, Cabeza, Rahbek, & Araújo, ; Ohlemüller et al., ) and can even result in shifts from one ecological state to another (Bush, Hanselman, & Gosling, ). Such changes may lead to vital feedback in the water and carbon cycles (Gonzalez‐Meler, Rucks, & Aubanell, ); therefore, it is important to explore how climate change influences the structure and functions of forest ecosystems.…”