Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Diyala River Basin, Iraq

Abbas, Nahlah; Wasimi, Saleh A.; Al‐Ansari, Nadhir

doi:10.17265/1934-7359/2016.09.009

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Climate change observed worldwide has a significant effect on water resources forecasts and their possible future availability and quality [4,5]. The global population continues to rise, leading to an increase in activities that require large volumes of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Water Quality Index for the Iraqi Rivers

et al. 2020

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Water quality evaluation is fundamental for water resources management. Water quality index (WQI) is an accurate and easily understandable method for assessing water quality for different purposes. In this study, the Iraqi water quality index (Iraq WQI) was constructed to be used to evaluate the Iraqi rivers for drinking. For this purpose, some statistical techniques, experts’ advice, literature reviews, and authors’ experience were used. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) method and the modified Delphi method were used to select the most influential water quality parameters and their relative weights. Second, the quality curves of selected parameters were drawn to calculate the WQI scores basing on the water quality standards. Of twenty-seven parameters, six parameters were chosen to be within the index depending on their effect on water quality in order to reflect the specific characteristics of the Iraqi waters. The Iraq WQI was applied to the Tigris River within Baghdad as a case study and for some sites on other Iraqi rivers, and gave acceptable results. Results revealed that the statistical techniques used in this paper can be applied in all Iraqi rivers considering their specific characteristics. Based on the reliability of the Iraq WQI, there is no longer a need to use Indices designed for water for other countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Water Quality Index for the Iraqi Rivers

et al. 2020

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“…Accordingly, based on data and model availability, this research used a physical-based hydrological model named the SWAT model to simulate monthly water balance using baseline and future climate data. This model was successfully applied in simulating water balance in different basins-for instance, in the Congo River Basin [38], to simulate the hydrologic regime under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, in the evaluation of water resources response to climate change in the Diyala River Basin, Iraq, and in the Dokan Dam watershed, Iran [39,40] and [41] in the Heeia watershed in Hawaii to assess water component responses to climate change. One of the primary purposes of the SWAT model is to estimate the hydrological process of watersheds in big or small areas and assess the impact of climate change in the environment.…”

Section: The Hydrologic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate Change on the Water Balance of the Akaki Catchment

Guyasa,

Guan,

Zhang

2023

Water

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Climate change has an impact on water resources. Estimations of the variations in water balance under climate change variables are essential for managing and developing the water resource of a catchment. The current investigation evaluated the magnitude of the change in the water balance component of the Akaki catchment, Ethiopia, using the semi-distributed hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), with the integration of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment of Africa under RCP4.5 and 8.5. The SWAT model was developed using spatial and temporal data; it was calibrated (1991–2001) and validated (2002–2004) using SWAT-CUP. The statistical monthly SWAT model performance values of the NSE, PBIAS (%), and R2 showed good agreement between calibration and validation. On an annual basis, projected rainfall is expected to increase by 14.96%, 4.13%, 8.39%, and 10.39% in the 2040s under RCP4.5 and 8.5 and in the 2060s under RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively, with inconsistent change on a monthly projections basis for each scenario. The projected monthly and yearly temperatures are expected to increase under different climate change scenarios. Annual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration increased under both RCPs, whereas surface runoff, lateral flow, and water yield declined under the climate scenarios of each RCP. Monthly projected water yield showed a non-uniform change in the first 30 years and in the second years under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. These results show that the catchment is highly vulnerable to hydrological and agricultural drought due to water availability. These research findings provide valuable evidence on the role of climate change in water balance, which will help decision makers to achieve better water resource management.

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“…A simulated annual runoff of the Diyala River basin in Iraq using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and six General Circulation Models (GCMs) showed decreases of 35% and 18% in the 2000s and 1990s compared to the 1980s, respectively. Regarding aquifer recharge, all study regions witnessed a decrease in the recharge rate by 28%, 35% and 41% according to scenarios, a very high emission scenario (A2), a moderate emission scenario (A1B), and a low emission scenario (B1), respectively, except for a small area in the northern part that experienced a rise up to 30% during 2046-2064 according to Scenario A1B (Abbas et al 2016). Van den Hurk et al (2007) conducted a study related to climate change and its potential future impacts on the Netherlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on groundwater resources in Jordan: a case study of Amman Zarqa basin

Kloub,

Alzboon

2023

Preprint

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Climate change has added new challenges to water resource management in Jordan. Climatic change was determined for 27 climatic indicators using Climdex software. In addition, the Statistical Downscaling Model software (SDSM) based on three emissions scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) was used to obtain future predictions related to rainfall rates, humidity, and minimum and maximum temperatures. For the groundwater system, MODFLOW was used for groundwater modeling in the study area. The results of Rclimdex analysis showed decreasing trends in precipitation indices during the study period, with a decrease of 0.048/year in the simple daily intensity index (SDII) and a decrease of 0.299/year in the annual count of days with PRCP ≥ 10 mm (R10mm). The results also showed a decrease in the extremely wet days index (R99p) with a slope of 1.458/year. The results of SDSM suggest a possible decrease in annual precipitation in 2070 compared to 2020 by approximately 34%, 22% and 12% for RCP 8.5, RCP 4.5 and RCP 2.6, respectively. The simulation results showed that the groundwater levels in the study area could drop dramatically at rates of more than 1 m/year, 0.7m/year, and 0.45m/year for RCP 8.5, RCP 4.5 and RCP 2.6, respectively.

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Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Diyala River Basin, Iraq

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Water Quality Index for the Iraqi Rivers

Development and Evaluation of a Water Quality Index for the Iraqi Rivers

Impact of Climate Change on the Water Balance of the Akaki Catchment

Impact of climate change on groundwater resources in Jordan: a case study of Amman Zarqa basin

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