Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems: Observations, expectations and indicators

Philippart, C.J.M.; Anadón, Ricardo; Danovaro, Roberto; Dippner, Joachim W.; Drinkwater, Ken; Hawkins, Stephen J.; Oğuz, Temel; O’Sullivan, Gwen; Reid, Philip C.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.023

Cited by 251 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…Despite emerging evidence that climate-driven changes in deep-sea environmental conditions may perturb the functioning of oceanfloor ecosystems (Danovaro et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2007Dunlop et al, 2016;, our understanding of the extent to which projected physical and chemical changes will lead to deleterious ecological consequences is still very poor (Philippart et al, 2011). Given that deep-sea ecosystems are vitally important to the Earth system (Danovaro et al, 2014) and are at considerable risk from ongoing climate change (Mora et al, 2013;Jones et al, 2014;Levin and Le Bris, 2015), our goal in this paper is to understand and predict the nature and consequences of climate change at the deep seafloor until 2100.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major impacts of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems

Sweetman

Thurber

Smith

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

271

297

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The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and biosphere. Rising atmospheric greenhouse gases are bringing about significant changes in the environmental properties of the ocean realm in terms of water column oxygenation, temperature, pH and food supply, with concomitant impacts on deep-sea ecosystems. Projections suggest that abyssal (3000-6000 m) ocean temperatures could increase by 1°C over the next 84 years, while abyssal seafloor habitats under areas of deep-water formation may experience reductions in water column oxygen concentrations by as much as 0.03 mL L -1 by 2100. Bathyal depths (200-3000 m) worldwide will undergo the most significant reductions in pH in all oceans by the year 2100 (0.29 to 0.37 pH units). O 2 concentrations will also decline in the bathyal NE Pacific and Southern Oceans, with losses up to 3.7% or more, especially at intermediate depths. Another important environmental parameter, the flux of particulate organic matter to the seafloor, is likely to decline significantly in most oceans, most notably in the abyssal and bathyal Indian Ocean where it is predicted to decrease by 40-55% by the end of the century. Unfortunately, how these major changes will affect deep-seafloor ecosystems is, in some cases, very poorly understood. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the impacts of these changing environmental parameters on deep-seafloor ecosystems that will most likely be seen by 2100 in continental margin, abyssal and polar settings. We also consider how these changes may combine with other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., fishing, mineral mining, oil and gas extraction) to further impact deep-seafloor ecosystems and discuss the possible societal implications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major impacts of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems

Sweetman

Thurber

Smith

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

271

297

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“…Often the ecosystem response to these multiple pressures is nonlinear, which may lead to unexpected behavior by the ecological system (deYoung et al 2008) and to sudden, ecosystem-wide shifts, i.e., regime shifts (Francis et al 1998, Lees et al 2006, Beaugrand et al 2008, Kirby et al 2009, Alheit and Bakun 2010. There is little doubt that, in the future, the pressure on marine systems may increase due to acceleration of climate-induced changes thatsynergistically to other human and natural processes-affect the ecosystem dynamics, with major consequences for the provision of ecosystem services (Philippart et al 2011). To prevent regime shifts, with resulting disruptions of ecosystem services in the future, an adaptive ecosystem-based management (EBM) framework has been proposed (Folke et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social-ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social-ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future challenges, i.e., climate change and energy intensification, that could further increase the potential for nonlinear changes in the near future. Practical tools to address these challenges are presented, such as ensuring learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes across sectors and scales. A combination of risk analysis with a scenario-planning approach might help to identify the risks of ecosystem changes early on and may frame societal changes to inform decision-making structures to proactively prevent drastic surprises in European seas.

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“…This temporary occurrence was linked to higher water temperatures (Kirby et al 2006, Fleischer et al 2007, Rusyaev et al 2007), which might also have had an effect on the occurrence of other fish species like the present one. Anyway, Philippart et al (2011) predict that southern species are likely to invade the Nordic Seas and thus increase the biodiversity within the fish communities, with some species becoming frequent visitors. For most open seas, there is evidence of species moving northwards with a shift in species composition, which means for northern seas, like the Norwegian Sea, from polar to more temperate species (Philippart et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anyway, Philippart et al (2011) predict that southern species are likely to invade the Nordic Seas and thus increase the biodiversity within the fish communities, with some species becoming frequent visitors. For most open seas, there is evidence of species moving northwards with a shift in species composition, which means for northern seas, like the Norwegian Sea, from polar to more temperate species (Philippart et al 2011). Perry et al (2005) examined the change of distribution of North Sea species as response to an increased sea temperature in the course of 25 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco, 1838) (Myctophidae) in the Norwegian Sea

Wienerroither

Bjelland

2013

Fauna Norv.

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The myctophid <em>Diaphus rafinesquii</em> is endemic in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean and was for the first time found in the Norwegian Sea. The specimen was captured off northern Norway at about 71° N, representing the northernmost record so far. Meristic and morphometric comparisons showed no evident differences to specimens found in other areas of its distribution. Although the actual abundance and distribution of this species in Norwegian waters remained unclear, we emphasized the general high potential of mesopelagic species for indicating environmental short- and long-time changes by monitoring the faunal change

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Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems: Observations, expectations and indicators

Cited by 251 publications

References 215 publications

Major impacts of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems

Major impacts of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

First record of Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco, 1838) (Myctophidae) in the Norwegian Sea

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