Impacts of building envelope design on indoor ozone exposures and health risks in urban environments

Abstract

Much of human exposure to ozone takes place indoors. However, few studies have focused on human ozone exposures in normally occupied residential houses in the U.S. urban environments. Only rare studies have explored the implication of building envelope design variables on outdoor ozone penetration. Our study reveals the extent to which outdoor ozone penetrates and persists in the occupied houses in one of the most ozone-polluted cities, as influenced by building characteristics, building geometry, envelope design variables, window conditions and urban meteorology conditions. Through a set of analysis and variable regressions, we found that (1) the ratios of indoor to outdoor ozone concentration (I/O) were higher with windows open (0.700 ± 0.13) than with the windows closed (0.53 ± 0.22); (2) the indoor ozone concentration is typically elevated when the outdoor ozone concentration is high; and (3) design variables such as exterior envelope finishes, wall surface area and window-to-wall ratio are reasonably effective predictors. Our results of health risk evaluation suggest that the observed levels of indoor ozone exposure could pose a considerable risk to human health. Further work is needed to discover how building envelopes can be designed, constructed and maintained to support occupant health.

Rethinking building envelope design: Machine learning approaches to evaluate its impact on indoor ozone exposures

“…The selected envelopes were built between the 1860s and 1930s without major renovations or refurbishment. Detailed description on building characteristics and monitoring campaign of inspected envelopes is given in the authors' previous study [8]. During the monitoring period of time, we did not ask the building occupants to limit their behaviors such as window opening habits since it is known that human-building interactions tend to cause uncertainties in the IAQ performance and modeling [18,19].…”

“…However, indoor ozone monitoring is limited in the vast majority of residential buildings. Furthermore, very few studies have examined the impact of design variables on the capacity of residential building envelopes to reduce outdoor ozone penetration [8].…”