Impacts of atrazine in aquatic ecosystems

Graymore, Michelle; Stagnitti, Frank; Allinson, Graeme

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00031-9

Cited by 543 publications

(346 citation statements)

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“…1 It is one of the most effective, affordable, and trusted agricultural herbicides. The global consumption of atrazine in the late 1980s was between 70 000 and 90 000 tonnes/year.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Induced Degradation of Atrazine Sorbed in Mineral Micropores

Cheng

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The herbicide atrazine is a common pollutant in reservoirs and other sources of drinking water worldwide. The adsorption of atrazine from water onto zeolites CBV-720 and 4A, mesoporous silica MCM-41, quartz sand, and diatomite, and its microwave-induced degradation when sorbed on these minerals, were studied. Dealuminated HY zeolite CBV-720 exhibited the highest atrazine sorption capacity among the mineral sorbents because of its high micropore volume, suitable pore sizes, and surface hydrophobicity. Atrazine sorbed on the minerals degraded under microwave irradiation due to interfacial selective heating by the microwave, while atrazine in aqueous solution and associated with PTFE powder was not affected. Atrazine degraded rapidly in the micropores of CBV-720 under microwave irradiation and its degradation intermediates also decomposed with further irradiation, suggesting atrazine could be fully mineralized. Two new degradation intermediates of atrazine, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole and guanidine, were first identified in this study. The evolution of degradation intermediates and changes in infrared spectra of CBV-720 after microwave irradiation consistently indicate the creation of microscale hot spots in the micropores and the degradation of atrazine following a pyrolysis mechanism. These results indicate that microporous mineral sorption coupled with microwave-induced degradation could serve as an efficient treatment technology for removing atrazine from drinking water.

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“…1 It is one of the most effective, affordable, and trusted agricultural herbicides. The global consumption of atrazine in the late 1980s was between 70 000 and 90 000 tonnes/year.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Induced Degradation of Atrazine Sorbed in Mineral Micropores

Cheng

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…O tempo de meia vida desse herbicida pode variar de 2 meses a 6 anos, dependendo das condições do meio (Ávila et al, 2009), além de apresentar diversos metabólitos, com diferentes graus de toxicidade e tempo de meia vida, sendo os mais comuns a hidroxiatrazina e a dietilatrazina (Graymore et al, 2001). Nakagawa et al (1995), estudando a mineralização de atrazine em Latossolo Vermelho Escuro durante período de 180 dias, observaram decréscimo nos níveis de atrazine, de 91,1% para 7,4%, e meia vida de 54 dias.…”

Section: Comunicação Científica / Scientific Communicationunclassified

Simulação do efeito residual da atrazine em cenoura

et al. 2016

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RESUMO Atrazine é um herbicida recomendado para a cultura do milho, porém há poucas informações sobre seu efeito residual em hortaliças que eventualmente poderão ser cultivadas em sucessão. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a simulação do residual de subdoses de atrazine no substrato sobre o desenvolvimento e produção de cenoura 'Brasília'. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de oito doses decrescentes de atrazine (250, 25,0, 2,5, 0,25, 0,025, 0,0025, 0,00025 e 0 g i.a./ha) partindo da concentração de 1/10 da dose recomendada comercialmente para a cultura do milho doce (2500 g i.a./ha). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas de vasos de plástico com capacidade de 20 L. As plantas de cenoura foram avaliadas quanto à porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência (aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação), taxa de mortalidade, perímetro e comprimento de raiz, massa fresca de raiz e massa seca de parte aérea aos 29 e 90 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Concluiu-se que residual de até 250 g i.a/ha de atrazine pode causar redução na biomassa inicial da cenoura (29 DAA), sem, no entanto, prejudicar sua produção de raízes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the type of soil, percent of organic matter, amount of clay, soil pH, and soil structure. 5 Walker 6 showed that atrazine adsorption is directly related to the concentration organic matter and humidity of soils.A significant amount of atrazine may also be lost to surface runoff and into the groundwater via leaching from agricultural land. 5 In USA and Europe, atrazine has been found in natural waters at concentrations higher than the Maximum Concentration Level (MCL), which is the maximum permissible pesticide concentration allowed in a public water source.…”

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Developing a continuous flow-square wave voltammetry method for determination of atrazine in soil solutions using the hanging mercury drop electrode

Santos

Abate

Masini

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a determinação de atrazina em solução de solo, utilizando Voltametria de Onda Quadrada em condições de Fluxo Contínuo, empregando o eletrodo de gota pendente de mercúrio. Para uma freqüência de 350 Hz e vazão de 0,47 mL min -1 , obteve-se a maior relação sinal/ruído, sendo que a curva analítica obtida em solução de solo na presença de tampão BR 40 mmol L -1 e NaNO 3 0,25 mol L -1 apresentou faixa linear entre 0,10 e 2,0 μg mL -1 , com limites de detecção e quantificação de 0,030 e 0,10 μg mL -1 , respectivamente. A metodologia proposta proporcionou significativo aumento da velocidade analítica em comparação à metodologia em batelada, além de proporcionar baixo consumo de amostra, sendo possível determinar 72 amostras por hora consumindo apenas 341 μL por análise. Os resultados foram similares aos obtidos por HPLC, mas o método proposto tem menor tempo de análise e não emprega solventes orgânicos.This work describes the development of a Continuous Flow-Square Wave Voltammetry method for determination of atrazine using the hanging mercury drop electrode. The best signal to noise ratio was obtained at the square wave frequency of 350 Hz and flow rate of 0.47 mL min -1 . Under these conditions, the analytical curve obtained in 0.010 mol L -1 CaCl 2 soil extracts in presence of 40 mmol L -1 BR buffer and 0.25 mol L -1 NaNO 3 was linear for atrazine concentrations between 0.10 and 2.0 μg mL -1 , with detection and quantification limits of 0.030 and 0.10 μg mL -1 , respectively. The proposed method increased the analytical throughput in comparison with the batch methodology, allowing a sampling frequency of 72 h -1 to be accomplished. Besides, the sample consumption is significantly reduced, and only 341 μL are necessary for each analysis. The results obtained were similar to the ones obtained by HPLC, but the proposed method is faster and does not use organic solvents. Keywords: continuous flow, atrazine, soil solution, square wave voltametry IntroductionThe use of pesticides has increased in the world because of the increasing food production. Brazil occupies the 5 th position in the ranking of the countries with the largest consumption of these chemicals. Despite of this fact, monitoring of pesticide residues in soils and waters is not frequent in the country. 1 Triazines have been used in several crops as pre and post emergence herbicides. Nowadays, atrazine and simazine are the most used triazines around the world. [2][3][4] Significant amounts of atrazine may be stored in soil after application. The amount and persistence of the herbicide bound to soil particles is dependent on many factors. These include the type of soil, percent of organic matter, amount of clay, soil pH, and soil structure. 5 Walker 6 showed that atrazine adsorption is directly related to the concentration organic matter and humidity of soils.A significant amount of atrazine may also be lost to surface runoff and into the groundwater via leaching from agricultural land. 5 In US...

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Impacts of atrazine in aquatic ecosystems

Cited by 543 publications

References 58 publications

Microwave-Induced Degradation of Atrazine Sorbed in Mineral Micropores

Microwave-Induced Degradation of Atrazine Sorbed in Mineral Micropores

Simulação do efeito residual da atrazine em cenoura

Developing a continuous flow-square wave voltammetry method for determination of atrazine in soil solutions using the hanging mercury drop electrode

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