Impacts of anthropogenic activities & climate change resulting from increasing concentration of Carbon dioxide on environment in 21^st Century; A Critical Review

Abstract

The human population explosion and rapidly increasing urbanization are two major problems of the current century. According to an estimate world human population is about 8 billion, while in the previous century, it was about 2.0 billion. These figures and facts shows that the future impacts of anthropogenic activities will be more harsh and comprise a more complex nature. Carbon emission induced in environment by anthropogenic activities is major cause for global warming. Climate change, different types of environmental pollution, wastage of raw materials, and ecosystem degradation are major important ecological challenges which are being faced by humanity. These problems are increasing every year due to increasing human population. Forests represent one of most frequent types of green area in cities. Their environmental settlement include perfection in air, water and soil quality, conservation of energy, carbon sequestration, low air temperatures, reduction in ultraviolet radiation and reduction in environmental pollution especially air pollution. The political ecology approach is based on interactions between humans and nature, talking about climate change mitigation and adaptation and technologies that are used for these purposes. Many environmental experts have initiated concept of green revolution to achieve mitigation and adaptation strategies. If human population explosion and establishment of new industrial structures go on increasing without considering the importance of trees then certainly there would be more critical changes for living organisms on surface of the earth in near future. So, “green revolution is the best solution to arrest the environmental pollution” in this changing climate of the world.

Carbon Footprint Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Approaches, Technologies, and Implementation Challenges

“…Presently, solar PV technologies have made significant advancements, and various types of third-generation solar PV cells are being developed. Nevertheless, these technologies are still primarily in the research and development phase, and their commercial availability is limited [4]. It should be noted that solar photovoltaic cells have been developed whose efficiency reaches 40%.…”

“…According to numerous studies, the global average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere has increased significantly from ~285 to ~420 ppm from the pre-industrial period (~1850) to the present [3]. It is now believed that anthropogenic increases in CO 2 concentrations have contributed to an increase in the global average temperature by 0.97-1.21 • C in the near-surface atmosphere layer over this period [4]. In addition, researchers predict that global greenhouse gas emissions will increase by ~50% by 2050, mainly due to the continued combustion of fossil hydrocarbons [5].…”

Characterisation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mangrove Sediments of Ifiekporo Creek, Warri South Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria.

“…As the world grew industrially, pollution of the atmosphere, surface water, soil and sediments progressively became a major global problem. These problems stems for the rise in anthropogenic activities characterized by increase in chemical use in agricultural practices, exploration and exploitation of fossil fuel, combustion of hydrocarbons and increase in waste generation occasioned by rise in human population (Kabir et al, 2023).…”